Experimental research for technique of iron smelting and refining in Kofun period, Japan.

在2003-2005年的三个财政年度的研究中，笔者从实验上阐明了库芬后期炼铁炼铁工艺的特点，结果如下：1.中部山区炼铁炉床不是木炭而是粘土。在九州北部地区，与中部山区的炼铁炉不同的是，炼铁炉应该是生产生铁的。3.由于这些电炉的产品含有高碳，在锻造之前需要进行还原碳处理。冶炼炉在5世纪下半叶就已经出现。4.中部山区的炼铁炉与朝鲜半岛的炼铁炉在结构上有很大的不同。据推测，原电炉起源于日本的冶炼(或精炼)炉。此外，在对韩国的炼铁炉和冶炼(或精炼)炉进行前期考察的基础上，进行了冶炼和精炼试验。5.韩国冶炼炉不同于古丰时期的熔炼炉，也可以生产PDG铁。6.精炼炉不同于古丰时期的熔炼炉，它可以减少生铁中的碳。通过这些观点，我可以阐明日本古丰时期和朝鲜半岛三安-三谷时期的冶炼和精炼铁的技术。此外，日韩之间的技术差异是可以解释的，并为有关铁的技术交流取得了重要发现。

In the research carried out in three fiscal years from 2003 to 2005, I clarified experimentally characteristics of technique on iron-making and blacksmithing in late stage of Kofun period.The result is as follows ;1.The bed of iron smelting furnace was not made of charcoal but clay in Chuugoku mountainous district. Product of the furnace is pig iron.2.In the north half region of Kyushu, iron smelting furnace, which is different from the furnace in Chuugoku mountainous district, is supposed to have been producted pig iron.3.Because products by these furnaces contained high carbon, it was needed to have been reduced carbon before smithing. Furnace for the refining already appered in the latter half of the fifth century.4.There is a big difference in structure of iron smelting furnace between in Chuugoku mountainous district and in a Korean peninsula. It is supposed that the former furnace was originated in the furnace for smithing (or refining) in Japan.Moreover, on the result of a prior investigation of iron smelting furnace and furnace for smithing (or refining) in South Korea, experiments of smelting and refining were conducted.The result is as follows ;5.Korean smelting furnace, differing in structure from one in Kofun period, can also product pdg iron.6.Furnace for refining, different from the furnace of Kofun period, can reduce carbon from pig iron.Through these points of view, I could clarify technique for smelting and refining iron in Kofun period in Japan and in Sam'an-Samguk period in Korean peninsula. Moreover, a technological difference of Japan-South Korea was able to be interpretable, and to have obtained an important finding for the technology exchange concerning iron.