Research on Development of the Welfare Education and Training Programs for Elementary and Junior High Schools and Measuring the Effect of the Programs

这项研究的主题，首先是开发儿童学习变老的代际程序。二是制定实施中小学教师培训计划。第三，我们的目标是衡量这些计划的效果。参照美国匹兹堡大学共同世代计划，为小学高年级学生制定了一个由3个目标和23次活动组成的代际计划。2003年至2006年，我们在神奈川县国府小学五年级学生中开展了这一项目，并对其效果进行了评估。我们使用了两种工具来衡量该计划的效果。一份是《活动前和活动后》问卷，另一份是学生在每项活动结束后填写的《FURIKAIL》。问卷采用语义差异测验(SD)，包括18个形容词配对的5点两极量表、18个老年人的刻板印象(SDE)和7个社会期望的儿童态度(SDCA)，在2003、2004和2005年中，在3个量表上转变为积极态度的比例为16.2%。2003年、2004年和2005年的SDCA分别为38.4%、39%和30.6%。我们的节目对一半的学生产生了有效的影响。80%的学生在《Furikhai》笔记本上描述了他们对老年人态度的积极变化。我们制定了小学教师培训计划，并举办了培训研讨会。

The subject of this research, firstly, is to develop the intergenerational programs which children learn of growing old. Secondly, it is to make the training programs for teachers of elementary/junior high schools who put the programs in practice. Thirdly, our aim is to measure the effects of these programs. And, it is to complete these programs' manuals as materials of the welfare education at elementary/junior high schools.We made an intergenerational program for students in upper grade of elementary schools which consists of 3 aims and 23 times of activities, by reference to the programs developed by the Generation Together, Pittsburgh University in USA. From 2003 to 2006, we carried out the program with students of the 5th grade at Kokufu Elementary School, Kanagawa Pref., and evaluated it the effects. We used two instruments to measure the effects of the program. The One is a "before and after" questionnaire, and the other is "furikaeri" written by students after each activity had been finished. The questionnaire employed the Semantic Differential test (SD), which makes use of 18 paired adjectives with five-point bipolar scales, 18 stereotypical descriptions of the elderly (SDE) with a choice of "yes" "no" response and 7 socially desirable descriptions of children' attitude (SDCA) with a choice of "yes" "no" response.The proportion of students that changed into positive attitudes in 3 scales was 16.2% in all of 2003, 2004 and 2005. And the proportion of whom changed into positive attitudes in SD or SDE, and SDCA was 38.4% in 2003, 39% in 2004 and 30.6% in 2005. Our program exerted effective influence on a half of students. 80% of students described positive changes of their attitudes toward the elderly in "furikaeri" notebooks.We developed a training program for teachers of elementary schools, and gave a training seminar.