Search for high energy cosmic neutrinos by the Ice Cube Neutrino Observatory

我们对在南极站建设冰立方中微子观测站作出了重大承诺。建立了校准装置，在实验室中测量了光学传感器的均匀性、电荷响应和绝对量子效率。大约有1000个光电倍增管用于探测深冰中的切伦科夫光，已经进行了校准和表征。所有的校准结果，包括表征其信号响应的参数值，已通过网站提供，并可用于仿真过程。相关的探测器模拟也已开发出来，并已用于数据分析。为了减少粒子能量测定的系统不确定度，我们建立了经过绝对校准的标准参比探测器，并在实验室中进行了充分的表征。在2005-2006年期间，在该基金的财政支持下，组装了16个这样的参考探测器。其中一艘在2006年的极地夏季被部署，其余的将于明年部署。来自这些探测器的数据为理解探测到的事件的能量尺度提供了重要的工具。我们对高能中微子和次级粒子在地球中的传播进行了全面的研究，从而可以准确地计算出轻子在冰立方深冰阵列深度处的预期强度和能量分布。用蒙特卡罗模拟方法预测了各种宇宙中微子模型的事件率。总之，我们现在已经完全准备好分析冰立方中微子天文台即将获得的数据。在基金的支持下，探测器及相关软件的研发工作已全部完成。第一个物理分析计划在2007年发表。

We have made significant commitments on construction of the IceCube neutrino observatory at the South pole station. We built calibration apparatus to measure the uniformity, the charge response and the absolute quantum efficiencies of the optical sensors in the laboratory. Approximately an order of 1000 photomultipliers to detection Cherenkov light in a deep-ice has been calibrated and characterized. All the calibration results including the parameter values to characterize their signal response has been available via website and available to the simulation process. The relevant detector simulation has also been developed and now in use for the data analysis.In order to reduce the systematic uncertainties in determination of particle energy, we built absolutely calibrated standard reference detectors being fully characterized in the laboratory. During 2005-2006 seasons, 16 of such reference detectors were assembled by the financial support of the grant. A have of them was deployed in the polar summer of 2006, a rest of them will be in deployment next year. The data from these detectors provides important tools to understand the energy scale of the detected events.We have fully investigated propagation of the extremely- high energy neutrinos and the secondary particles in the earth so that the expected intensity and the energy distribution of the leptons at the depth of the IceCube deep-ice array can be accurately calculated. The Mote Carlo simulation was carried out to predict the event rate for the various models of cosmic neutrinos.In summary we are now fully prepared to analyze the up-coming data from the IceCube neutrino observatory. All the R＆D's concerning the detectors and the softwares have been completed with the support of the grant. The first physics analysis is scheduled to be published during year of 2007.