A Study on the Mechanism of Large-scale Sediment Disasters in Hindukush Himalayan Watershed and Their Preventive Measures

本研究旨在探讨喜马拉雅流域大规模滑坡和边坡破坏的发生机制及其综合防治措施。本研究的研究领域被选择为尼泊尔灾害管理系统和尼泊尔中部主要公路沿线的滑坡区。喜马拉雅流域是世界上最活跃的造山带，这导致了陡峭山脉的形成。由于这个原因，山体滑坡和相关的灾害确实经常发生。本研究的结果和发现对加强喜马拉雅流域的滑坡减灾工作具有一定的指导意义。首先，本研究试图提出尼泊尔作为一个发展中国家的滑坡灾害管理的综合方法，并进行了试验实施。这涉及从灾害教育到提高认识的各种活动。例如，以作品的形式对学校级别的学生和教师进行灾害教育……更多的hops和印刷品，为工程师和技术人员举办的灾害研讨会和网络，涉及本科生和研究生的灾害相关研究工作和网络，基于媒体的灾害意识提高计划。这些项目涉及大量的人，从小学生到普通大众，形成了一个全国性的人际网络。学校教育和媒体（已与尼泊尔唯一的国家电视台尼泊尔电视台签署谅解备忘录，制作和播出与灾难有关的节目），提高灾害意识的节目受到尼泊尔政府的高度赞赏。此外，尼泊尔的主要大学也参与了滑坡灾害的研究，以便建立一个研究网络，并邀请尼泊尔政府共同编写一份灾害管理手册，供普通人、工程师和技术人员使用。这一计划有望进一步发展。调查的主要领域被选定为尼泊尔中部的三条主要公路，它们在连接尼泊尔和印度方面发挥着最重要的作用。这些高速公路穿过尼泊尔最活跃的信托地带，由于山体滑坡和相关灾害而遭受巨大破坏。为了了解这些破坏的机理，首先对这些公路沿线的滑坡区域进行了灾害制图。因此，出版了一本书，题为“尼泊尔主要公路沿线的滑坡灾害地图”。2005年11月，尼泊尔政府通过公路部正式感谢爱媛大学和调查队为这份出版物所作的努力。无论是从学术角度还是从适用性角度，都对研究结果给予了高度评价。少

This investigative research is related to the mechanism of large-scale landslide and slope failure disasters in Himalayan watersheds and an integrated approach to their prevention. The fields for this study were selected to be disaster management system in Nepal and the landslide zones along major highways in central Nepal. The Himalayan watershed is the most active mountain building zone in the world, which has resulted in formation of steep mountains. For this reason, landslides and related disasters do occur very frequently. The results and findings of this study are supposed to enhance the efforts of landslide disaster mitigation in the Himalayan watersheds.At first, this study attempted to propose an integrated approach to landslide disaster management in Nepal as a developing country and test-implemented it. This involved various activities from disaster education to awareness enhancement. For example, disaster education for school level students and teachers in the form of works … More hops and printed material, disaster seminars for engineers and technicians and networking, disaster related research efforts involving undergraduate and graduate students and networking, media-based disaster awareness raising programs. These programs involved a large number of people from primary school children to general public resulting in a nation-wide human network. School education and media-based (memorandum of understanding has been signed with Nepal's only national TV station Nepal Television to produce and air disaster related programs) disaster awareness raising programs have been highly appreciated by the Government of Nepal. Moreover, the major universities of Nepal have been involved in landslide disaster research for the purpose of establishing a research network, and the Government of Nepal has also been invited to jointly develop a disaster management manual for the use of ordinary people to engineers and technicians. This program is expected to develop further.The main field of investigation was selected to be three major highways in Central Nepal that play the most important role in connecting Nepal and India. These highways pass through the most active trust zone of Nepal and suffer tremendous damage due to landslides and related disasters. So as to understand the mechanism of these failures, first of all hazard mapping of the landslide areas along these highways was done. As a result, a publication in the form of book entitled ‘Landslide Hazard Mapping along Major Highways of Nepal' has been made available. For this publication, the Government of Nepal through the Department of Roads has formally appreciated the efforts of Ehime University and the investigation team in November 2005. All this has highly rated the study results not only from academic but also applicability point of view. Less