Development environmental friendly fabrics by using the unused natural resources

本课题主要研究利用天然资源甲壳素和壳聚糖制备膜，并对其力学性能、生物降解性和抗菌性进行研究。首先制备了甲壳素、壳聚糖和季铵化壳聚糖膜，并对壳聚糖和季铵化壳聚糖膜的力学性能和抗菌性进行了评价。甲壳素膜的拉伸强度比壳聚糖膜低30 ~ 40%，但结晶度比壳聚糖膜高得多。季铵化壳聚糖膜对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌效果优于壳聚糖膜。其次，制备了壳聚糖/PVA共混膜，并对其力学性能和生物降解性能进行了研究。壳聚糖/PVA共混膜的最大拉伸比随PVA含量的增加而增加。杨氏模量达到 ...更多信息 约拉伸倍数为7倍时，22/78复合膜的室温拉伸强度为20 GPa，比纯PVA膜的拉伸强度高8倍。壳聚糖/PVA共混膜对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果优于对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果，但随着PVA含量的增加，抑菌效果变差。经季铵化壳聚糖处理后的共混膜活性增强，且不受中和作用的影响。这表明，拉伸处理的共混物提供了可能性，以扩大应用的工业材料成为增加的杨氏模量和拉伸强度。壳聚糖含量越高，复合材料的失重越快，在水稻土中的降解比在红粘土中的降解更显著。特别地，未拉伸膜的重量损失更明显。水稻土中不同大小的海绵孔比红粘土中的海绵孔大3.5-4.4倍。这表明，随着壳聚糖含量的增加，生物降解率较高。少

This project mainly dealt with the fabrication of films by using the unused natural resource such as chitin and chitosan and the investigation of the mechanical properties and the biodegradation and the antibacterial activity of the films.At first, chitin, chitosan and quaternary chitosan films were prepared, and the mechanical properties and the antibacterial activities of chitosan and quaternary chitosan films were evaluated. The tensile strength of chitin films was 30〜40% lower than that of chitosan films, but the crystallinity of the former was much higher than those of the latter. The antibacterial activities of quaternary chitosan films against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were stronger than those of chitosan films.Secondly, chitosan/PVA blend films were fabricated, and their mechanical properties and biodegradation characteristics were examined. The maximum draw ratio of the chitosan/PVA blend films increased with increasing PVA content. The Young's modulus reached … More ca. 20GPa at room temperature for the 22/78 composite at draw ratio of 7 times which is higher than the pure PVA film at 8-fold. The contact angle increased with increasing of the chitosan content, and the film became more hydrophobic.The antibacterial activity for the chitosan/PVA blend films was better for S.aureus rather than E.coli but the activity became less effective with increasing PVA content. The activity become more effective for the blend films treated by quaternary ammonium chitosan and became hardly affected by the neutralization. This indicates that the drawing of the treated blends provide the possibility to expand the applications as industrial materials became of an increase in Young's modulus and tensile strength. The weight loss was faster for the blends with higher chitosan content and the degradation in paddy soil is more significant than that in the red clay. Especially, the weight loss of undrawn films is more pronounced. The spongy hole of various sizes had opened 3.5-4.4 times for the samples in the paddy soil compared with those in the red clay. This suggests that the biodegradation rate is high with increasing the content of chitosan. Less