Evolution of Dust and its Effects on the Cosmic Back Ground and Stellar Formation in the Early Universe

在项目期间进行的研究结果如下：1.计算了年轻星系的消光曲线和尘埃红外辐射，并与观测结果进行了比较，在星族III超新星喷出物中尘埃形成的背景下。利用新发展的尘埃粒子溅射产额近似公式，探讨了超新星爆炸驱动的速度冲击对爆炸能量和周围气体密度的影响. 3.超新星遗迹中尘埃粒子的演化和存活通过考虑尘埃在正激波和反向激波之间的热等离子体中的运动和破坏，研究了超新星爆发时尘埃在星际介质中的质量和尺寸分布。我们测定了Cas A超新星遗迹中尘埃颗粒的种类和质量。5.我们估算了星系际介质中尘埃颗粒的数量和星星的形成率6.在标准A CDM模型的基础上，用N体宇宙学模型模拟了星系的形成和演化，7.我们证明了银河系中的大质量黑洞双星在超亮红外星系的中心区域，核的存在提高了星星的形成率。

The results of researches carried out during the period of the projects are the followings;1.The extinction curves and the infrared emissions from dust in young galaxies were calculated and compared with the observations, in the context of dust formation in the ejecta of Population III supernovae.2.The dependence of efficiency of dust destruction in high-velocity shocks driven by supernova explosions on the explosion energy and the ambient gas density was explored by employing newly developed approximation formula for the sputtering yield of dust grains.3.The evolution and survival of dust in supernovae remnants was investigated by taking into account the motion and destruction of dust in hot plasma between forward and reverse shocks, in order to reveal the mass and size distribution of dust injected into interstellar medium form supernova.4.By fitting the infrared spectra observed by the Spitzer space telescope, we determined the species and mass of dust grains residing in Cas A supernova remnant.5.We evaluated the amount of dust in the intergalactic medium and the star formation rate in the early universe by considering the observed upper limit of the deviation from the cosmic microwave back ground radiation as a constraint.6.The formation and evolution of galaxies was simulated by N-body cosmological model in the context of standard A CDM models, and also investigated the effect of tidal distribution of dark matter halo on the formation of galaxies.7.We have shown that the massive black hole binary in the galactic nucleus enhances the star formation rate in the central region of ultra luminous infrared galaxies.