High magnetic field effects in the nonequilibrium state

一般的化学反应都涉及到非平衡过程。非平衡态是控制磁场效应的重要因素之一，我们对此进行了研究。与平衡状态下的热能相比，磁能很小，但在非平衡状态下，它可以作为扰动充分发挥作用。我们发现，尽管金属是磁性各向同性晶体，但在高磁场作用下，抗磁性金属枝晶的磁性取向会发生30度左右的倾斜。我们澄清了这种现象是基于形状磁各向异性。换句话说，即使是抗磁性物质也可以通过形状磁各向异性来定位。这些现象表明，固液界面态的不平衡增强了磁场效应，磁各向异性较小的抗磁性物质以形状磁各向异性取向。我们可以预期这种现象也适用于其他领域，因为大多数材料都是抗磁性的。通过各种研究也观察到了银枝的进动，并明确了其机制是边界辅助MHD。此外，在固液界面处的磁场效应上，我们发现固液界面处的磁力可以引起晶体形状的形态变化，而利用磁场控制表观重力可以使水滴形状发生变化并形成液膜。这些基本反应的磁场效应的研究将关系到新反应场的供给、化学反应的控制和材料的形态变化等。

The nonequilibrium process is involved in the general chemical reaction. We focused on the nonequilibrium state as one of the important factors which control the magnetic field effect in our study.The magnetic energy which is very small compared to the thermal energy in the equilibrium state will work sufficiently as the perturbation in the nonequilibrium state.We found that application of the high magnetic field on the growth of diamagnetic metal dendrites caused magnetic orientation tilting by about 30 degrees for the magnetic field, in spite of the metal was the magnetically isotropic crystal. We clarified that the phenomena were based on the shape magnetic anisotropy. In other words even the diamagnetic species is able to orientate by the shape magnetic anisotropy. These phenomena imply that the nonequilibrium in the solid-liquid interface state enhances the magnetic field effect, and that the diamagnetic species of which the magnetic anisotropy is small orientates by the shape magnetic anisotropy. We can expect the phenomena to apply to the other fields, because most of the materials are the diamagnetic species.Precession of the silver dendrites was also observed through the various studies, and it was clarified that the mechanism was boundary-assisted MHD. In addition, on the magnetic field effect at the solid-liquid interface, we found that the morphology change in the crystal shape were occurred by the magnetic force at the solid-liquid interface, and that the water droplet shape change and the formation of a liquid film were possible by the apparent gravity control using the magnetic field.The research of the magnetic field effect for these basic reactions will be connected with the supply of new reaction fields, and the control of chemical reactions and the morphology change of material, and so forth.