A Study of the relief sculptures of the Buddhist Images(Four Buddhas, Five Kings, Four Hevenly Deities, Eight Devas) in Korea

本研究的几个结果如下：四尊佛像刻在青铜器上，但东侧的白沙举古鲁和西侧的阿弥陀佛被严格界定，北侧和南侧的佛像具有文字和象形的波动特征。南北两侧的佛像多为《阿瓦陀罗经》的主佛外罗迦纳和阿弥陀佛，阿弥陀佛是新高丽统一王朝的主要信仰阿弥陀佛升天的主要佛像。青铜金刚宝钟上的五个Vidya-Raja(阿迦拿他、三罗伽耶、Yamantaka、Kundali和Vajrayaksa)可能比现在的中国作品显示出更早的象形学特征。在庆州国立博物馆里，有由八个维迪亚-拉贾组成的石塔(8世纪)上的八个形象的浮雕，这是五个…形成的早期阶段之一中国的国王较多。石塔上的四位天神(陀罗、维鲁达卡、维鲁帕萨和维斯拉瓦那)刻在青铜文物上，除了北面有小佛塔的维斯拉瓦那外，几乎没有明确的象形学特征。日本作品中的四大天神对韩国作品的影响较小，因为韩国作品表现出了古代中国形象特征的早期形成。庆州国立博物馆景州国立博物馆东西方石塔出土的青铜器，外胸四面刻有装饰图案的两尊四天神，通过均衡的身体和金属工艺技术，东塔早于西塔：西塔应属于7世纪末伽门寺建立时，东塔应属于9世纪。石塔上的八世(德瓦、那嘉、雅萨、甘达瓦、阿修罗、伽鲁达、金那罗、摩罗伽罗)一般应分为两组；一种类型在庆州地区，另一种类型在庆州的侧面。通过与中国作品的比较，庆州地区的八个意象的构成和象征性特征仍然是中国作品中比本体更早的类型。较少

Several results of this research is follew ;Four Buddhas on the stone stupas and engraved on the bronze Reliquary, however Bhaisajyaguruvaiduryaprabha Buddha on the east side and Amitabha Buddha on the west side are difined strictly, the Buddhas on the north side and south side have the fluctuation of character and iconogrphical characteristics. The Buddha images on the north and south side are mostly Vairocana who is the main Buddha of Avatamska Sutra and Amitabha who is the main Buddha for rise to the Paradise of Amitabha Buddha, as the main belief in the Unified Silla and Koryo Dynasty.Five Vidya-raja (Acalanatha, Trilokavijaya, Yamantaka, Kundali and Vajrayaksa) on the bronze Vajra-Bells have a possibility that they show earlier iconogrphical characteristics than Chinese works existing now. In the Gyeongju National Museum, there is the relief sculptures of eight images on the stone stupa (8th century) composed of the Eight Vidya-raja, as one of the early stages of formation of Five … More Kings in China.Four Heavenly Deities (Dhrtarastra, Virudhaka, Virupaksa and Vaisravana) on the stone stupas and engraved on the bronze Reliquary have hardly definite iconogrphical characteristics except Vaisravana on the north side with small stupa on one hand. Four Heavenly Deities in Japanese works have few influence of Korean works, because Korean works show one of the early formation of iconogrphical characteristics made in ancient China. About two Four Heavenly Deities engraved onto four sides of outer chest, decorative motif on its surface, of the bronze Reliquary from the East and West stone stupas at Gameun-sa temple site, in the Gyeongju National Museum, through the balanced well-proportioned body and metal craftwork technologies, east stupa's is earlier than west stupa's: west stupa's should belong to late 7th century when the Gameun-sa temple established, and east stupa's should belong to 9th century.Eight Devas (Deva, Naga, Yaksa, Gandharva, Asura, Garuda, Kimnara and Mahoraga in generaly) on the stone stupas should be divided into two groups; one type is in the Gyeongju area and another type is in ontside of Gyeongju. Through the comparation with Chinese works, the composition of eight images and the iconogrphical characteristics in the Gyeongju area remain earlier type of Chinese works than ontside. Less