Discrimination of Three Nucleon Force Models via Proton-Deuteron Breakup Reactions

研究少核子体系中的三核子力（3 NF）性质是当前研究的热点之一。3 NF本身有着70多年的历史。然而，到目前为止，几乎没有知识来约束3 NF。这是由于3 NF相对于两核子相互作用来说相对较弱，因此很难在实验上得到证实.为了探讨3 NF效应，特别是区分Tucson-Melbourne和Urbana两种3 NF模型，我们测量了质子-氘破裂反应的矢量分析能力（p+d→p+p+n）。对于裂解反应，可以测量不同的运动学构型。选择一个特定的配置，人们希望增强3 NF效应，这是敏感的3 NF的特定幅度。在KVI，我们用探测器BINA进行了分裂实验， ...更多信息 在几乎整个角度范围内。我们已经成功地得到了约1000种质子能量从30 MeV到130 MeV，角度从10°到165°的碎裂反应组态。通过将所得数据与严格的Faddeev数值计算结果进行直接比较，我们得到了3 NF和离能壳层性质的潜在信息。与Tucson-Melbourne 3 NF相比，Urbana 3 NF的计算结果与实验数据吻合得更好。作为KVI分裂测量的准备，我们在俄罗斯杜布纳同步加速器上进行了氘-质子弹性散射实验。本实验的动机是我们的合作者H.Witala教授的理论预测，即为了区分3 NF模型，应该考虑相对论效应。为了定量地获得相对论效应的系统信息，我们在135 MeV/A-800 MeV/A的宽入射能量范围内进行了测量。通过比较所获得的数据和理论预测纳入相对论效应，我们发现，相对论效应是可见的弹性氘-质子散射在非常向后的角度。少

One current interest for the investigations of few-nucleon system is the study of three-nucleon force (3NF) properties in the three nucleon systems. The 3NF of itself has a long history about 70 years. However, up to now, there has been little knowledge with which to constrain the 3NFs. That is due to the fact that the 3NFs are relatively weak compared to two-nucleon interactions and therefore it is hard to approach and also to find evidences for them experimentally.In order to explore 3NF effects, especially focusing on discrimination of two 3NF models, Tucson-Melbourne and Urbana we measured the vector analyzing powers for proton-deuteron breakup reactions (p+d→p+p+n) at 190 MeV/A at KVI, the Netherlands. For breakup reactions one can measure different kinematical configurations. Choosing a particular configuration one hopes to enhance the 3NF effects which are sensitive to the particular amplitude of 3NF. At KVI we have performed the breakup experiment with the detector BINA which c … More overs almost the whole angular range. We have successfully obtained about 1000 configurations for breakup reactions which cover the proton energies from 30 MeV to 130 MeV and the angular range from 10° to 165°. By direct comparison between the obtained data and rigorous numerical Faddeev calculations we obtained the potential information of 3NF and off the energy shell properties. The data have rather better agreement with the calculations with Urbana 3NF than Tucson-Melbourne 3NF.As a preparation for the breakup measurement at KVI, we performed the experiments on deuteron-proton elastic scattering at Dubna synchrotron facility in Russia where the polarized deuteron beams at the highest energy in the world are available. This experiment has been motivated by the theoretical predictions by our collaborator Prof.H.Witala that one should consider relativistic effects in order to discriminate 3NF models. To obtain the systematic information of relativistic effects quantitatively we measured in a wide incident energy range 135 MeV/A-800 MeV/A. By comparing the obtained data and the theoretical predictions incorporating relativistic effects, we found that the relativistic effects are visible at the very backward angles for elastic deuteron-proton scattering. Less