Corpus and Arcbive-based research on Diachronic Change of Case Usage in the Finnish Language

在现代标准芬兰语中，同样的语法格可以用来表示主语和宾语。这种当前的格标记模式是芬兰语历时性发展的结果。值得注意的是，语法格不仅在用法上发生了变化，而且句法功能也发生了历时性变化。因此，考虑这些格的用法和句法功能的历时性变化，将有助于对这些格的共时性研究。在这项研究中，我仔细研究了容许结构的历时发展，它的意思是“让某人做某事”。本研究的目的是根据容许式结构的发展过程来厘清语法格的用法和句法功能的历史变迁。本研究的资料主要来自赫尔辛基大学芬兰语系的档案（Muoto-opin arkisto）和芬兰科学信息技术中心的语言语料库（Kielipankki）。允许结构包含一个不定式从句作为矩阵谓词的补充，其主语与不定式的主语不同。在芬兰语中，不定式的语义主语要么被省略，要么被编码为矩阵谓词的语法宾语。然而，在容许式结构中，不定式的语义主语明显地充当了它自己的语法主语。这种差异对目前的研究很有启发意义。显然，许可结构的案例标注模式是独特的。然而，有一个合理的解释，它将揭示芬兰语语法格的共时性。在学习期间，我写了四篇论文。我还在第22届斯堪的纳维亚语言学会议和第40届欧洲语言学会年会上读了两篇论文。少

In modem standard Finnish the same set of grammatical cases are available to indicate both the subject and the object. This current case marking pattern has resulted from the diachronic development of the Finnish language. It should be noted that not only the usage but also the syntactic functions of the grammatical cases have diachronically changed. Therefore, considering the diachronic change of the usage and the syntactic functions of these cases would reasonably contribute to the synchronic study of these cases. In this study I have closely investigated the diachronic development of the permissive construction, which means 'to let someone do something'. The purpose of this study is to clear up the historical transition of the usage and the syntactic functions of the grammatical cases in the light of the developmental process of the permissive construction. Material of this study was mainly collected from the archive (Muoto-opin arkisto) of the department of the Finnish language and … More literature of Helsinki University and the language corpus(Kielipankki) of the Finnish -IT-centre for Science. The permissive construction contains an infinitival clause as a complement of the matrix predicate, whose subject is different from the subject of the infinitive. In the Finnish language the semantic subject of an infinitive is either omitted or coded as the grammatical object of the matrix predicate. In the permissive construction, however, the semantic subject of an infinitive serves overtly as the grammatical subject of its own. This difference is very suggestive to the current study. Apparently the case marking pattern of the permissive construction is peculiar. There is, however, a reasonable explanation and it would reveal insight into the synchronic properties of the grammatical cases of the Finnish language. During this study I have written four papers. I have also read two papers at the 22nd Scandinavian Conference of Linguistics and at the 40th annual meeting of Societas Linguistica Europaea. 10. Less