The formation and transfguration of national identity in modem Japan in relation to China and Korea

本研究关注的是近代日本国家认同的形成和变形。我们特别把它与中国和韩国联系在一起，他们的近代史与日本相似，因为这三个国家都是在西方影响下被迫实现现代化的。只有日本能够通过接受西方政治文化，即国内管理上的宪政和外交政策上的帝国主义，实现民族独立。日本的成功是建立在“走出亚洲”政策的基础上的，这必然带来了自我的危机和回归自我的反应。因此，现代日本的历史被亚洲化与欧洲化、传统主义与现代主义之间的矛盾所笼罩，身份认同是在C·泰勒的“重要他人”的调停下形成的。从这个角度来看，可以说欧洲是现代日本最重要的另一个地方。但相反，中国和朝鲜也是重要的对方，因为他们不仅是邻国，而且表现出了自我的失落，在近代日本历史上不断引发同情亚洲的运动，回归自己的传统。我们考察了近代日本与中国和朝鲜的国家认同的特点，其主要问题是国家政治观念、亚洲主义、(极端)民族主义等。

This research is concerned with the formation and the transfiguration of national identity in modern Japan. We related it, especially, with China and Korea whose modern history is similar with Japan, because these three nations are all forced to modernize by the 'western impact'. Only Japan among them could have achieved the national independence by the reception of western political culture, that is, constitutionalism in the domestic administration and imperialism in the foreign policy. Japan's success was based on the policy of 'going out of Asia', which has necessarily brought out the crisis of the self and the reaction of return to the own self. So the history of modern Japan is colored by the contradiction between the Asianization and the Europianization, traditionalism and modernism.The identity is formed through the intermediation of the 'important others' by C. Taylor. From this viewpoint, we could say that Europe was the most important other for the modern Japan. But, on the contrary, China and Korea were also the important other, because not only they were its neighbors, but they have shown its loss of self which incessantly caused the movement of sympathy for Asia and return to its tradition in the history of modern Japan.We have investigated the characteristics of modern Japan's national identity in relation to China and Korea, whose main issues are idea of national polity, Asianism, (ultra) nationalism, etc.