The Research on the Procedural Meaning of the Japanese and English Discourse Connectives and the Pragmatic Inference

我试图在关联理论和基于语料库的框架下，研究英语语篇连接词和日语语篇连接词的程序意义，以及对它们所发生的话语进行解释所涉及的语用推理。本研究的主张是，对包含这两种表达的话语的解释，除了传统上被接受的“结论”和“证据”之外，还包括一个语用术语“先前假设”，而after all和datte编码的程序是处理“证据”，以填补“结论”和“证据”之间的认知差距。这意味着这两个语篇连接词不仅传达了逻辑，也传达了情感和意志。当说话者用after all来证明他或她的结论时，它让收件人别无选择，只能接受结论。同样，当说话人想要使用日期进行不同类型的言语行为——辩护和同意时，在辩护的情况下，被说话人的假设被调整为符合说话人的结论，而在同意的情况下，说话人的假设更接近被说话人的假设，从而传达了说话人的情感和意志。尽管datte会出现在不同的语境中，但说话者使用datte的目的是尽量减少他或她的假设与收件人之间的认知差距。after all和datte的这一方面从它们在口语对话中经常使用的事实中就可以明显看出。

I have attempted to investigate, within the relevance-theoretic and corpus-based framework, the procedural meaning of the English discourse connective after all and the Japanese discourse connective datte, and the pragmatic inference involved in the interpretation of the utterances in which they occur. The claim of this research is that the interpretation of the utterances including these two expressions comprises a pragmatic term 'previous assumption' besides 'conclusion' and 'evidence', both of which are traditionally accepted, and that the procedure encoded by after all and datte is to process 'evidence' in order to fill the cognitive gap between 'conclusion' and 'evidence'. This claim implies that the two discourse connectives convey emotion and will as well as logic. When the speaker gives evidence to his or her conclusion by using after all, it gives the addressee no option but to accept the conclusion. Likewise, when the speaker intends to perform different types of speech acts--justification and agreement--by using datte, the speaker's emotion and will are conveyed in the way the addressee's assumption is adjusted to conform to the speaker's conclusion in the case of justification, whereas the speaker's assumption gets closer to the addressee's assumption in the case of agreement. Despite the fact that datte occurs in these different contexts, the speaker using it intends to minimize the cognitive gap between his or her assumption and the addressee's. This aspect of after all and datte is made evident from the fact that they are commonly used in a colloquial conversation.