The Relationship between The Family Functions Nurtured by Non-Biological Parent-Child and Child's Understanding of His/Her Parents and Self and Parent-Child Dyad

“诉说”是养父母不断努力让他们的养子了解生母的存在和他们的根。通过对收养家庭的家访访谈，探讨了收养父母在孩子对自我和亲子关系的理解、家庭功能的培养过程等方面的诉说方式的变化。主要发现：(1)养父母通过对孩子心理发展和个性的理解来尝试讲述；(2)养父母早期的讲述促进了养父母自己的讲述意识，并习惯了向养子女谈论生母；(3)很多养父母在讲述过程中遇到了一些困难，比如经历了一个拐点；当他们的孩子达到三岁和/或学龄时。同时，社会互动网络……对于有这样年龄的孩子的养父母来说，为了提高他们的语言能力，更多的工作是必要的。另外，我们还发现：(1)随着儿童能力的增长，养父母的讲述过程从单向向双向的交流转变；(2)养父母有弟弟妹妹或与生母见面的经历会激发他们对讲述内容的理解；(3)养父母对被提供的讲述有暂时的厌恶倾向，这发生在他们的年龄的特定时期；(4)这些儿童对差异认知越敏感(Kirk，他们的社会态度就变得越复杂。我们还回顾了美国和欧洲收养家庭中与沟通开放性相关的实证研究，发现养父母对孩子的诉说与孩子自我历史的形成密切相关。我们的结论是，养父母对他们的孩子作为个体的尊重，以及他们与孩子的持续对话，给我们提供了非常有用的启示，让我们重新审视我们当前存在不同家庭的社会。少

Telling is the continuous effort by adoptive parents to make their adopted children understood about the presence of their biological mothers and their roots.We conducted home visiting interviews with the adoptive families, and explored the variations in telling procedures by adoptive parents in developmental view of their children's understanding on selves and parent-child relationships, and of the nurturing processes of their family functions.Main findings were (1) adoptive parents try their telling by means of their understanding on the children's psychological development and individuality, (2) the telling by adoptive parents in early stage promotes their own awareness toward telling and gets used to talk about biological mothers to their adopted children, and (3) there are many adoptive parents who feel some difficulties, such as turning point of their procedures on telling, when their children reach at three-years of age and/or school age. Simultaneously, social interactive netwo … More rk is more necessary for adoptive parents having children of such ages in order to progress their telling. Additional finding were (1) the telling procedures by adoptive parents change from one-way to reciprocal communication as children's abilities grow, (2) children's experiences of having younger siblings or meeting with their birth mothers motivate their own understanding on the content of telling (3) adopted children's temporary tendencies of disgust for being provided telling occurs at certain period of their age, (4) the more these children get sensitive to acknowledge-of-difference (Kirk, 1964) from others, the more their social attitudes become complicated.We also reviewed several empirical researches related to the communication openness in adoptive families, especially in the U.S. and Europe, and found the significance of adoptive parental telling with their children which intensively connected to the formation of children's self-history. We concluded that the adoptive parents' respect for their children as individuals and their continuous dialogue with them suggest very useful implications to revisit our current society where diverse families exist. Less