Studies of human depth perception using a reverse perspective illusion and its application to diagnostics in clinical medicine.

这项研究项目旨在探索人类深度知觉的自上而下和自下而上的机制，并将其应用于临床医学中的精神疾病诊断。研究结果如下：利用fMRI测量了反向透视错觉的内在机制。研究发现，当错觉被感知时，BA19/39、BA37/19和Ba7的每个脑区都被强烈激活。此外，在没有关于错觉的图片线索的刺激下，当受试者努力“看到”错觉时，额叶也被激活了。为了研究图形线索对错觉的影响，采用配对比较法和双眼视差调整法对错觉强度进行了评价。这些方法是与我…的传统方法相比较的。更要确定主体和反向透视对象之间的距离。结果表明，该方法具有较好的一致性。结果表明，该方法可以有效地评价错觉的强度和图形线索的影响程度。对眼动、身体运动的影响、双目视差的表面知觉、运动视差的深度知觉、二维图形线索的深度知觉进行了深入的研究，开发了一套基于立体计算机图形学技术的实验系统，通过改变参数(如图形线索、几何因素和双目视差)来呈现反向透视错觉。利用该系统对睡眠剥夺状态下的被试进行了错觉的知觉实验，结果表明，睡眠剥夺使被试对错觉的知觉敏感性下降。这表明实验结果有可能应用于精神疾病的诊断。较少

This research project was worked on to explore top-down and bottom-up mechanisms of human depth perception using a reverse perspective illusion and to apply the findings to a diagnostics of a psychiatric disease in clinical medicine. Obtained results are described on below.Internal mechanism of the reverse perspective illusion was measured by fMRI. It was found that each brain area of BA19/39, BA37/19 and BA7 are strongly activated when the illusion is perceived. Further more, in case of the stimuli which has no pictorial cues for the illusion, as subjects made efforts to 'see' the illusion, activations were also found in frontal lobe. These results show the interactions between the top-down and the bottom-up processes during the illusion.To study the influence of the pictorial cues on the illusion, a paired comparison method and the binocular disparity adjusting method was applied to evaluate the strength of the illusion. These methods ware compared to the conventional method which me … More asure the distance between the subject and the reverse perspective object. The results show good agreements. It was confirmed that the newly developed methods can be used effectively to evaluate the strength of the illusion and influence of the pictorial cues.Psychological experiments to study basic properties of depth perception were performed. Eye movement, influence of body motion, surface perception from binocular disparity, depth perception from motion parallax, depth perception from 2D pictorial cues, were studied independently and made it dear about the basic property of depth perception.An experimental system using a stereo computer graphics technology was developed to present reverse perspective illusion by changing parameters (such as pictorial cues, geometrical factors, and binocular disparities). A perception experiment of the illusion was made to subjects of the sleep deprivation state using the system, and made it clear that the sensitivity to the perception of the illusion falls by sleep deprivation. This indicates the possibility of the application the results of the experiment to diagnostics of the psychiatric disease. Less