Comparative Study on Collaborative Planning for Multi Stakeholder Society

通过对多利益攸关方社会成功利用协作规划的条件的案例研究，得出以下结果：决策制度：在论坛、竞技场或法院的每个阶段，社会制度和协作规划的机构提供都是不充分和不足的。特别是论坛的职能应在国家计划法上制度化。收入来源制度：在日本，很难有足够的收入来管理参与式和协作式规划。原因如下：1)地方政府可以自行征收的收入很少；2)地方政府没有必要保留管理协作和参与规划的预算，因为缺乏地方声音的职责。增强民间社会组织能力的制度：有必要丰富对民间社会组织的各种支持，使每个组织都可以在规划过程的论坛阶段提出自己的声音，并开展协作规划所需的各种活动。例如，专家的支持、提供信息和其他必要资源是加强民间社会组织能力的关键。

Through the case studies on conditions for successful use of collaborative planning in multi-stakeholder society, the following results were indicated.System on Decision making:For every stage of Forum, Arena, or Court, social system and institutional provision for collaborative planning were insufficient and inadequate. Especially the function of Forum should be institutionalized at National Planning ACT.System on Source of Revenue:It is very difficult to have enough revenue for managing participatory and collaborative planning in Japan. The reasons were followings; 1) the amount of revenue which a local government can collect by itself is small, 2) it is not necessary for local governments keep a budget for managing collaborative and participatory planning because of the lack of duty of having local voices.System on Enhancing Capacity of Civil Society Organization:It is necessary to enrich various supports for civil society organizations so that each organization can propose their voices in the stage of forum in planning process and make a great variety of activities necessary for collaborative planning. For instance, support of experts, providing information, and other necessary resources are keys to enhance the capacities of civil society organizations.