A fundamental study of manure dealer in Tokugawa Period

本研究对德川时期鱼粪商贩和零售市场的管理进行了基础研究。沙丁鱼和鲱鱼等鱼肥在德川时期被广泛用作农产品的肥料。关于鱼肥的流通，已经发表了几项优秀的研究。然而，关于向农民出售鱼肥的零售系统的研究很少。在上述研究中，粪肥商人被过度地定性为高利贷人。在本研究中，我调查了土浦市(茨城)、大平镇(户木市)、崎玉市(崎玉县)、明崎市(兵库市)、西宫市(兵库市)的粪商。分析发现，19世纪的粪便贩子越来越不像高利贷者的特征。18世纪关东地区半年的预付款利率超过20%，但到19世纪降至6%。到了18世纪，在基奈地区，半年的预付款利率已经变成了6%。对肥料贩子的管理与其他商人没有什么不同。

This study conducted a basic research about the management of fish manure merchants and a retail market in the Tokugawa Period.Fish fertilizers such as sardine and herring were extensively used as manure for farm products in the Tokugawa Period. Several excellent studies have been published on the circulation of fish fertilizers. However, there have been few studies on the retail system of fish fertilizers to farmers. In the above studies, manure dealers have been unduly characterized as usurious men.In this study, I investigated manure merchants in Tsuchiura-shi (Ibaraki), Oohira-town (Tochigi), Saitama-shi (Saitama), Amagasaki-shi (Hyogo), Nishinomiya-shi (Hyogo). As a result of analysis, it was found that manure dealers had become less and less characterized as usurers in the 19th century.An interest rate for advance payments was more than 20% for half a year in the Kanto Area in the 18th century, but it was lowered to 6% in the 19th century. An interest rate for advance payments had already become 6% for half a year in the Kinai Area by the 18th century. The management of manure dealers was not different from those of other merchants.