Archaeological Research on the Prehistoric Interrelations beyond the South China Sea.

华甸是位于越南中部庆和省金兰市的铁器时代墓葬遗址，2007年1月由越南-日本合作小组发掘，目的是获得南海以外史前相互关系的考古证据。挖掘坑H1（6 × 8米）出土14个罐形墓葬和2个延伸墓葬。两枚汉代五铢硬币与一个标有M6的墓葬罐内的人骨有关，这表明和殿墓地很可能建于公元1世纪和2世纪。该团队在2008年进行的挖掘后工作证明，和甸的埋葬罐和盖子与传播在越南中部的Sa Huynh文化有很大不同，而太平间配件陶器与菲律宾中部Kalanay洞穴发现的陶器惊人地相似。因此，重新审视索尔海姆在20世纪60年代提出的Sa-Huynh-Kalanay陶器传统是必要的。Hoa Diem也可能与所谓的南岛人假说有关，该假说认为南岛人在公元前1500-500年的某个时候从菲律宾或婆罗洲来到越南东海岸。和奠骨的牙齿形态显示与菲律宾黑人群体有密切的亲缘关系，也证实了人类迁移到南海以外的地区。和甸的太平间最突出的做法是，一些葬缸里装着多具尸体。在一个标记为M8的球形罐中，最大体径为75cm，装有一名成年女性和两名婴儿，其中至少一名成人是主要埋葬者。对在和庙采集的样本进行的C14分析表明，在公元前1千年的上半叶，这应该是人类占领墓地之前的日期。

Hoa Diem, an Iron Age burial site located in Cam Ranh city, Khanh Hoa province in central Vietnam, was excavated in January 2007 by a Vietnamese-Japanese collaborative team, aiming to obtain the archaeological evidences on the prehistoric interrelations beyond the South China Sea. Excavation Pit H1(6x8m) yielded fourteen jar burials and two extended burials. Two Chinese Han Wuzhu coins associated with human bones inside a burial jar labeled M6 suggest that the cemetery of Hoa Diem most likely dates from the 1st and the 2nd century AD. The post-excavation work made by the team in 2008 has proved that burial jars and lids of Hoa Diem are quite different from those of the Sa Huynh Culture spread in central Vietnam, whereas the mortuary accessory pottery shows the striking similarity to the pottery found at the Kalanay Cave in the central Philippines. Thus the re-examination of the Sa-Huynh-Kalanay Pottery Tradition proposed by Solheim in the 1960s has become necessary. Hoa Diem also may relate to the so-called Austronesian hypothesis claiming that the Austronesian speakers arrived on the east coasts of Vietnam from either the Philippines or Borneo at some time in 1500-500BC. Dental morphology of the Hoa Diem skeletons shows close affinity with Philippine Negrito groups, also confirming human migration beyond the South China Sea. The outstanding mortuary practice at Hoa Diem is that some burial jars contained multiple bodies. In a globular jar labeled M8 with a maximum body diameter of 75cm contained one adult female and two infants, among them at least the adult was the primary burial. C14 analysis of the samples collected at Hoa Diem indicates the first half of the 1st millennium BC, which should be the date of the human occupation preceding the cemetery.