Structural Design Consideration and Performance Evaluation of Sophisticated House with Constant Temperature and Humidity

近年来，由于对节能的鼓励，要求对房屋的湿热性能进行定量表示。提出了几种实用的评价住宅节能措施的计算方法。然而，这些方法没有考虑墙组件中的水分传递。湿度计算只受通风的影响，并且只关注建筑空间。然后在详细的热湿传递和气流物理模型的基础上，利用整体建筑湿热环境模拟软件进行对比数值实验，阐明了在气候条件从寒冷到季节闷热的札幌、东京和福冈地区，墙体的吸湿和解吸对空间空调负荷的潜在影响。此外，还通过t-…考虑了相变蓄热材料对热环境的影响。更敏感的分析。主要研究结果如下：与考虑墙体内水分迁移的详细计算和将室内空气中假设的含水率加入到室内空气中近似墙体吸湿解吸的常规简化计算相比，空间空调的总热负荷和潜热负荷的计算误差分别超过10%和30%。在用于加热的高湿热设定点和用于冷却的低湿热设定点时，误差变大。在预测空间空调负荷时，墙体吸湿和解吸的影响不容忽视，简化计算假定室内空气的含水率为常用值16.7g/(m3.kg/kg(DA))，估算出的潜热负荷相当大。日本《住宅性能指标法》的基本要求--假设含水率，虽然会因采暖/制冷条件和建筑规范的不同而不同，但可能会产生误差。详细计算的供暖和供冷的潜热负荷在空间调节开始时是最大值，并随着时间的推移而逐渐减小。由于水分在自然条件下被储存到墙体组件中，特别是由于墙体的吸湿和解吸作用，影响了空间空调开始时的潜热负荷，因此间歇性空间空调的详细计算与简化计算之间的计算误差比全天空间空调的计算误差更大。如果PVM的熔点等于空间空调的预设温度，则长期供热和制冷负荷将最大限度地降低。随着相变材料容量的增加，热负荷降低幅度更大。较少

The hygrothermal performance of houses is recently being required to indicate quantitatively due to the encouragement of energy conservation. Several calculation methods are practically proposed to evaluate energy saving measures of houses. However, those methods do not take into account moisture transfer in wall assemblies. Humidity calculation is simply affected by ventilation and focuses on just the building spaces. Then the potential influence of moisture sorption and desorption of walls on the space conditioning load is clarified in Sapporo, Tokyo and Fukuoka, in which the climate conditions are distributed from cold to seasonally sultry, through the comparative numerical experiments utilizing the simulation software of the hygrothermal environment of whole buildings based upon detailed physical models on heat and moisture transfer and airflow. Moreover, the influence of heat storage materials utilizing PCM (phase change material) on the thermal environment is considered through t … More he sensitive analysis. The major results obtained are listed below.Compared to the detailed calculation taking into account moisture transfer in wall assemblies and the conventional simplified calculation adding the hypothetical moisture capacity into the indoor air to approximate moisture sorption and desorption of walls, the calculation error of the total heat load and the latent heat load for space conditioning accounts for over 10% and 30% respectively. The error becomes larger in the high hygrothermal set-point for heating and in the low hygrothermal set-point for cooling. The influence of moisture sorption and desorption of walls is unable to disregard to predict the space conditioning load.The simplified calculation assuming the moisture capacity of indoor air is commonly used value, 16.7g/(m3.kg/kg(DA)), estimates the latent heat load quite large. The hypothetical moisture capacity, which is the essential requirement of Housing Performance Indication Law in Japan, may be error cause although the error amount is changed by conditions of heating/cooling and building specifications.The latent heat load for both heating and cooling of the detailed calculation marks the maximum value at the start of space conditioning and decreases gradually with time. As the moisture is stored up into the wall assemblies at the time of natural conditions and especially impacts the latent heat load at start of space conditioning due to moisture sorption and desorption of walls, the calculation error between the detailed and simplified calculation becomes larger in intermittent space conditioning compared to all day space conditioning.The interior material with PCM can alleviate indoor temperature change within a temperature range of the phase change ; particularly in case it is used at the building envelopes such as exterior walls, ceiling and floor. Term heating and cooling load is most reduced if a melting point of PVM is equal to the preset temperature for space conditioning. The heat load reduced more as the capacity of PCM increases. Less