Production of useful substances by factory of elite plant cells

植物可以在自己的微细胞工厂中从简单的无机化合物生产复杂的有机化合物。利用这种复杂的功能，利用离体植物组织培养系统生产有用的工业原料，用于化学工程合成。为了获得高产目标化合物的优良克隆，我们进行了以下几个方面的研究：1.甜菜毛状根生产对羟基苯甲酸（pHBA）利用发根农杆菌（Agrobacterium rhizogenes）将阿魏酸（C_6-C_3）转化为香草醛（C_6-C_1）的细菌HCHL基因导入甜菜。选择优良毛状根克隆产生高达14%的葡萄糖酯的pHBA（C_1）的干重的基础上2。将能将莨菪碱转化为东莨菪碱的植物H6 H导入到杜氏2）抗坏血酸对呋喃香豆素的诱导作用在根培养和叶培养中都很强。4.白天仙子毛状根产生核黄素（维生素B_2）在缺铁条件下，白天仙子毛状根将核黄素分泌到培养基中。生产力与根尖大小和根数有关。选择高产优良无性系进行进一步研究。

Plants can produce complex organic compounds from simple inorganic compounds in their own micro cell factory. Using this sophisticated function, productions of useful industrial materials, which are used to be synthesized by chemical engineering, were performed with in vitro plant tissue culture system. To establish elite clones expressing high productivity of aimed compounds, metabolic engineering by gene introduction, induction of suppressed metabolic pathway with stress treatments, and/or selection of superior clones were carried out as follows:1.p-Hydroxy benzoic acid(pHBA)production by Beta vulgaris hairy rootsThe gene of bacterial HCHL, which converts ferulic acid(C_6-C_3) to vanillin(C_6-C_1), was introduced to Beta vulgaris using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. A selected elite hairy root clone produced glucose ester of pHBA(C_1)up to 14% on the basis of dry weight2. Scopolamine production by Duboisia leichhardtii hairy rootsPlant H6H, which converts hyoscyamine to scopolamine, was introduced into Duboisia leichhardtii, same as above, establishing an elite clone that produced more than 95% of scopolamine in total tropane alkaloids.3.Coumarin production by Glehnia littoralis organ cultures1)Yeast extract induced furanocoumarin in leaf cultures, but not in root cultures.2)Ascorbic acid highly induced furanocoumarin in root culture as well as leaf culture. This is the first case of furanocoumarin induction in a root culture system.4.Riboflavin(vitamin B_2) production by Hyoscyamus albus hairy rootsRiboflavin was excreted by Hyoscyamus albus hairy roots into the medium cultured under iron-deficient condition. The productivity was dependent to size and number of root-tip. Most producing elite clone was chosen for further study.