Prefrontal dysfunction in schizophrenia by use of brain functional neuroivnaging as an endophenotype

精神障碍与前额功能障碍有关，这导致高级认知功能异常。采用多通道近红外光谱技术（NIRS）研究了正常人和精神分裂症患者前额叶皮层功能的时空特征。在语言流畅性任务中，精神分裂症患者和正常对照组的氧合血红蛋白浓度（[oxy-Hb]）变化的时间过程模式存在显著差异。减少的[oxy-Hb]变化与精神分裂症中功能评分的较差总体评估显著相关（Takizawa等人，在这项科学研究中，我们研究了前额叶血流动力学激活与儿茶酚-O-甲基transeferese（COMT val 158 met）基因型之间的关系。一个共同的功能多态性的COMT代谢释放多巴胺已被候选人，影响前额叶皮质功能的精神分裂症。增加[o ...更多信息 结果显示，精神分裂症患者met等位基因携带者的前额叶功能较瓦尔/瓦尔个体高，提示met等位基因可能对精神分裂症患者的前额叶功能有有益影响。既往研究表明，COMT met等位基因与抗精神病药物治疗的精神分裂症患者记忆能力和阴性症状的改善相关。两者合计，前额叶反应性评估LAIRS可能是有用的评估和预测medicinal benefits.We的临床实用性，这种非侵入性的神经影像学技术进行了研究。我们目前正在进行的项目是：（1）开发用于辅助诊断和临床评估的技术，包括早期干预的适用性;（2）通过内表型研究阐明对脑病理生理学的理解;（3）测试药物干预益处的评估和预测价值。我们希望这些尝试将有助于通过将非侵入性神经影像技术引入临床精神病学来提高精神障碍的治疗质量。少

Psychiatric disorders are associated with prefrontal dysfunction, which leads to abnormalities in higher cognitive function. We investigated spatiotemporal characteristics of prefrontal cortical function in normal controls and patients with schizophrenia using multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). During a verbal fluency task, the time-course pattern of oxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([oxy-Hb]) change differed significantly between patients with schizophrenia and normal controls. The reduced [oxy-Hb] change was significantly associated with poorer global assessment of functioning scores in schizophrenia (Takizawa, et al., 2008).In this scientific research, we investigated the relationship between prefrontal hemodynamic activation and the catechol-O-methyltranseferese (COMT val158met) genotype. A common functional polymorphism of COMT that metabolizes released dopamine has been a candidate that affects the prefrontal cortical function in schizophrenia. The increase of [o … More xy-Hb] in the met carriers during the task was significantly higher than that of val/val individuals in the frontopolar prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia.These results, consistent with findings from previous fMRI studies, suggest that the met allele may have the beneficial effect on prefrontal function in schizophrenia. Previous researches showed that the COMT met allele was associated with greater improvement of memory performance and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotic drugs. Taken together, prefrontal reactivity assessed by LAIRS might be useful for evaluation and prediction of medicinal benefits.We have examined the clinical usefulness of this noninvasive neuroimaging technique. The projects we are currently working on are : (1) to develop technology used as an aid in diagnosis and clinical evaluation including applicability to early intervention ; (2) to shed light on the understanding of brain pathophysiology by endophenotype studies ; (3) to test for evaluative and predictive values regarding benefits from pharmacological intervention. We hope that these attempts will contribute to the improvement of quality of treatment in mental disorders by introducing non-invasive neuroimaging techniques to clinical psychiatry. Less