Studies of physiological responses of thermoregulatory, hormonal, and immune in track and field and swimming athletes with spinal cord injury in hot and cold environments

本研究的目的是阐明运动相关应激对田径和游泳脊髓损伤运动员在冷热环境下的体温调节、激素和免疫反应的影响。研究对象包括5名脊髓损伤的男性轮椅长途运动员（轮椅长途运动员组：WLG）、5名脊髓损伤的男性轮椅游泳运动员（轮椅游泳运动员组：WSG）、5名健康的男性高校长距离运动员（学校长距离运动员组：SLG）和5名健康的大学游泳运动员（学校游泳运动员组：SSG）。获得了所有受试者的知情同意。测量期为2007年9月和2007/2008年12月至2月，2008年9月至12月，2009年9月和2009/2010年12月至3月。2007年，运动在温度为28℃，相对湿度为60%的气候室中进行。2008年，实验在一个气候室中进行。更多的r（28℃，60%相对湿度），同时热水（42℃）或冷水（15℃）通过控制管套装循环。在2007年和2008年，在60%最大摄氧量的情况下，使用手臂曲柄测力计进行了60分钟的锻炼。2009年和2010年，在400米跑道和50米室内游泳池进行锻炼。夏季环境温度方面，跑道空气温度为27℃，跑道WBGT为29℃，室内泳池水温为30℃，室内泳池WBGT为28℃。冬季跑道空气温度为12℃，室内泳池水温为32℃。作为田径项目，WLG采用25分钟跑完1万米，SLG采用45分钟跑完1万米。作为游泳运动，WSG和SSG均采用40分钟内的1000米自由泳。测量项目包括体温调节参数（如排汗率、食道温度、平均皮肤温度和渗透压）、激素（儿茶酚胺）和免疫参数（中性粒细胞产生活性氧）。结果如下：A。在炎热环境（夏季）运动后，WLG、WSG、SLG和SSG之间的体温调节或激素反应没有差异。然而，免疫反应在WLG中比在SLG中更倾向于增加。在寒冷环境（冬季）运动后，4组间无差异。在15℃（冷水）或42℃（温水）条件下使用对照管衣运动后，四组之间的体温调节、激素或免疫反应均无差异。使用温水时，WLG和WSG的体温调节反应往往比SLG和SSG差。4组间免疫反应无差异。夏季径赛/游泳后，WLG的体温调节反应较WSG差。在冬季，4组间无显著差异。这些结果表明，脊髓损伤的轮椅运动员在高温下运动时由于出汗受损而有热障碍的风险。需要使用冷却套等预防措施。此外，明确轮椅运动员脊髓损伤的排汗损害程度也很重要。少

The purpose of this study was to clarify the influences of exercise-related stress on thermoregulatory, hormonal, and immune responses in hot/cold environments in track and field and swimming athletes with spinal cord injury. The subjects consisted of 5 male wheelchair long-distance athletes with spinal cord injury (wheelchair long-distance athlete group : WLG), 5 male wheelchair-using swimming athletes with spinal cord injury (wheelchair-using swimming athlete group : WSG), 5 healthy male college long-distance athletes (school long-distance athlete group : SLG), and 5 healthy male college swimming athletes (school swimming athlete group : SSG). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects. The measurement periods were September 2007 and December-February in 2007/2008, September-December 2008, and September 2009 and December-March 2009/2010. In 2007, exercise was performed in a climatic chamber at a temperature of 28℃ with 60% RH. In 2008, exercise was performed in a climatic chambe … More r (28℃, 60% RH) while hot (42℃) or cold (15℃) water was circulated through a control tubing suit. In 2007 and 2008, exercise was performed using an arm cranking ergometer at 60%Vo2max for 60 minutes. In 2009 and 2010, exercise was performed on a 400-m track or in a 50-m indoor pool. Concerning the environmental temperature in summer, the air temperature and WBGT of the track were 27 and 29℃, respectively, and the water temperature and WBGT in the indoor pool were 30 and 28℃, respectively. In winter, the air temperature of the track was 12℃, and the water temperature in the indoor pool was 32℃. As track and field exercise, completing a 10,000-m distance within 25 minutes was used for WLG and that within 45 minutes for SLG. As swimming exercise, a 1,000-m freestyle swim within 40 minutes was used for both WSG and SSG. The measurement items were thermoregulatory parameters (such as the perspiration rate, esophageal temperature, mean skin temperature, and osmotic pressure), a hormone (catecholamine), and an immunological parameter (reactive oxygen production by neutrophils). The results were as follows :A. After exercise in a hot environment (summer), no differences were observed in the thermoregulatory or hormonal responses among WLG, WSG, SLG, and SSG. However, immune responses tended to increase more in WLG than in SLG. After exercise in a cold environment (winter), no difference was observed among the 4 groups.B. After exercise at 15 (cold water) or 42℃ (warm water) using the control tubing suit, no differences were observed in thermoregulatory, hormonal, or immune responses among the 4 groups. Using warm water, thermoregulatory responses tended to be poorer in WLG and WSG than in SLG and SSG. Immune responses did not differ among the 4 groups.C. In summer, thermoregulatory responses after the track/swimming event tended to be poorer in WLG than in WSG. In winter, no differences were observed among the 4 groups.These results suggest a risk of heat disorder due to impaired perspiration on exercise at a high temperature in wheelchair athletes with spinal cord injury. Preventive measures such as the use of a cooling jacket are required. In addition, it is important to clarify the degree of perspiration impairment in wheelchair athletes with spinal cord injury. Less