The calcium signaling pathway that initiates embryonic development in fertilize amphibian eggs.

在受精时，细胞质钙离子（Ca^2+）的瞬时增加触发动物卵子中的各种激活反应。在两栖动物中，这些反应包括退出减数分裂停滞和皮质重塑观察到的激活收缩。我们研究了底物钙调神经磷酸酶诱导减数分裂退出和调节机制的激活收缩，使用无细胞提取物和细胞皮层分离爪蟾卵。结果表明，Erp 1和Cdc 20，这两个都是必不可少的细胞周期蛋白B的破坏，导致减数分裂退出，被激活后去磷酸化。负责其去磷酸化的磷酸酶仍有待鉴定。我们还建立了从卵母细胞和卵子中分离细胞皮层和纯化其皮层蛋白的方法。使用这些材料，我们发现，苯胺，肌动蛋白细胞骨架调节蛋白，增加在卵母细胞成熟和激活后去磷酸化。因此，在这项研究中开发的皮层分离方法，使细胞皮层的生化分析。

At fertilization, a transient increase of cytoplasmic calcium ions(Ca^<2+>) triggers various activation responses in animal eggs. In amphibian, these responses include exit from meiotic arrest and cortical remodeling observed as activation contraction. We have investigated substrates for calcineurin in inducing the meiotic exit and regulatory mechanisms for the activation contraction, using cell-free extracts and cell cortices isolated from Xenopus eggs. The results indicated that Erp1 and Cdc20, both of which are essential for cyclin B destruction which leads to the meiotic exit, are dephosphorylated upon activation. The phosphatase(s) responsible for their dephosphorylation remains to be identified. We have also established the method to isolate the cell cortex from oocytes and eggs and to elute their cortical proteins. Using these materials, we found that anillin, an actin cytoskeletal regulator protein, increases during oocytes maturation and is dephosphorylated upon activation. Thus, the cortical isolation method developed in this study has enabled the biochemical analyses of cell cortex.