Comparative Study on Educational Policy in post-Soviet Central Asian countries

中亚四国在独立后成为联合国和联合国教科文组织的成员国，并开始了旨在摆脱社会主义、建立宪政民主国家的教育改革。在外部影响（教科文组织、国际捐助者、俄罗斯等外国政府的合作与援助）和内部情况（多民族人民、伊斯兰传统、城乡差距、需要新人力资源的经济等）之间的冲突下，这些国家敦促进行教育改革。普通教育的高入学率、教育的世俗化、对多民族的考虑是苏联时期的继承和发展。与此同时，自由市场的原则被引入教育，激烈的竞争环境变得更加紧张。在高等教育领域，相应的博洛尼亚进程改革正在推进，免费高等教育制度已经退步。

After gaining independence four Central Asian countries have become members of UN and UNESCO and started educational reforms which aimed to get out of socialism and to establish constitutional democratic state. Educational reforms in these countries have been urged under conflict between outside impact (cooperation and assistance of UNESCO, international donors, foreign governments such as Russia and others) and internal situation (multi-ethnic people, Islamic traditions, gap between urban and rural areas, economy demanding new human resources etc.). The high rates of general education enrollment, secularity of education, consideration of multi-ethnicity are inherited from Soviet time and developing further. At the same time, principles of free market were imported into education and the environment of intense competition is getting even tenser. In the higher education area reforms corresponding Bologna Process are progressing, and system of free higher education has retreated.