Optimization of Transport Network Pricing Policies in the Presence of both Congestion and Scale Economies

为了实现交通系统的最佳利用，重要的是要有一个定价政策，可以充分利用系统的规模经济，并抑制系统的交通拥挤。然而，现代运输系统复杂的网络结构使得设计最优定价策略变得困难。基于交通均衡模型，本文提出了一种带均衡约束的严格数学规划方法，用于求解既有规模经济又有拥挤的实际交通网络系统的最优定价策略。以具有10687条道路和9371条铁路的名古屋都市圈网络（包括与不同速度相对应的访问链路和物理链路副本）为模型进行实证研究。

In order to achieve the optimal use of a transportation system, it is important to have a pricing policy that can make full use of the economies of scale of the system, and suppress traffic congestion of the system. However, the complex network structure of modern transportation systems makes it difficult to design optimal pricing policies. Based on the traffic equilibrium model which is widely used in transportation policy evaluation and transportation planning, we have developed rigorous mathematical programming method with equilibrium constraints for the optimization of pricing policies for realistic transportation network systems which exhibit both economies of scale and congestion. The Nagoya metropolitan network with 10687 directed road links and 9371 railway links (including access links and copies of physical links corresponding to different speeds) was used as a model for our empirical study.