Civil society organization and its role in political decision making : Comparative Analysis in East-Central Europe

这项关于中东欧民间社会组织的政治作用的研究项目有三个成果。1)从历史上看，每个政党都与民间社会组织有很强的联系。通过党派间合作，分裂的社会可以找到共存之路(中田瑞穗--《巩固议会民主--路径、任务和结果的多样性--(1)(2)(3)(4)(日语)])。2)过渡后，新成立的非营利组织通过政府理事会或在个别议员的帮助下参与决策过程(瑞穗中田-阿米亚，欧盟的性别平等政策和国内性别范式：捷克共和国的案例(日本))。(3)适应社会主义政权而幸存于社会主义时代的旧群众组织，是几个政党的巩固后盾。但与广大公民社会组织有联系的政党是政党体系中的少数群体。这些调查结果以英文发表在ECPR 2009和PSA 2010以及JACP 2010中(Mizuho Nakada-Amiya，《政党竞争模式的制度化：中东欧政党制度中新出现的两极竞争？》；“政党战略和政党竞争结构：中东欧政党制度中新出现的两极竞争？”；“政党战略和政党竞争--中东欧政党制度中的两极竞争？”(日语))。

Three outcomes are given by this research project on the political role of civil society organizations (CSOs) in East-Central Europe. 1) From historical point of view, Each political party had strong linkage with CSOs. Through inter-party cooperation, divided societies could find the way for coexistence (Mizuho Nakada-Amiya, Consolidation of Parliamentary Democracy-Diversity of Paths, Tasks, and Outcomes-(1) (2) (3) (4) (Japanese)). 2) After the transition, newly founded NPOs participate in policy making process thorough governmental council or with the help of individual MPs (Mizuho Nakada-Amiya, EU's Gender equality policy and domestic gender paradigm : the case of Czech Republic (Japanese)). 3) Old mass organizations, which survived socialist era by accommodating themselves to the socialist regime, work as consolidated support bases for several political parties. But parties, which have link with mass CSOs, are minorities in the party system. These findings were reported in ECPR 2009 and PSA 2010 in English and JACP 2010 (Mizuho Nakada-Amiya, Institutionalization of the modes of party competition : Emerging bipolar competition in the CEE party systems?" ; "Party strategy and party competition structure : Emerging bipolar competition in the CEE party systems?" ; "Party strategy and party competition-Bipolar competition in CEE Party system?" (Japanese)).