A Study on Mosque Architecture in Java

在印度教- majapahit王国末期，伊斯兰教抵达爪哇岛北部沿海地区，并建立了小型伊斯兰王国。后来他们需要祈祷的设施，于是在扩大地盘的同时建造了清真寺。本研究旨在通过分析现场收集到的各种资料，论述19世纪以前建造的清真寺的功能与位置、平面与结构、装饰等特点。因此，首先，清真寺可以按功能和位置分为三种，大清真寺，圣地清真寺和陵墓清真寺。其次，由四根主柱组成的大型内部空间，支撑着倾斜的屋顶，并被长屋檐包围。第三，该建筑为梁柱木框架结构，采用铆接的榫卯连接。椽子以辐射方式放置，屋顶由木板覆盖。第四，包括装饰在内的基本木材技术被之前的木材技术所继承。总之，在18世纪下半叶，在日惹苏丹国时期，有一些技术创新，可能是为了确保更多的结构稳定性，以抵御地震。需要进一步研究这种木材技术是如何在清真寺和宫廷建筑中发展起来的。

In the end of Hindu-Majapahit Kingdom, Islam arrived in the northern coastal area of Java Island, and founded small Islamic kingdoms. Then they needed praying facility, and built mosque as they expanded their domain. This study aims at arguing characteristics of the function and location, plan and structure, ornament and etc. of the mosque built before the 19^<th> century by analyzing various date collected in field works. As a result, firstly, the mosques can be categorized by function and location into three, great mosque, sacred place mosque and mausoleum mosque. Secondly, large inner space is created by a set of four principal columns, which supports hipped roof and surrounded by long eaves. Thirdly, the building is post and beam timber frame structure, which are connected by keyed mortise and tenon joint. Rafters are placed in radiation way, and roofed by wooden boards. Fourthly, basic timber technique was taken over by the previous one including ornaments. In conclusion, there are some technical innovation in the second half of 18^<th> century under Yogyakarta Sultanate probably to secure more structural stability against earthquake. Further study is necessary to analyze how such timber technique was developed in not only mosque but also court architecture.