Fundamental investigations on contactless, mobile measuring systems for lightning and switching impulse voltages according to standards.

在许多国家，由于输电距离较长，全球对电能日益增长的需求只能通过扩大超高压输电线路的能源输送能力来满足。用于此目的的组件和设备会受到操作负载（标称负载、负载变化、开关操作）以及外部影响（雷击、短路）的影响。因此，在高压测试中需要冲击电压来模拟外部和内部过电压引起的应力，以及击穿过程的基本研究。世界范围内传输电压越来越高的趋势使得具有相应高额定电压的脉冲分压器的开发变得越来越困难和成本密集，因此需要替代品。这些都可以通过现代的创新测量系统来实现，通过使用非接触式无反馈传感器来测量脉冲电压的电场。针对这些应用的特别适配的可追踪现场探头将是一种优雅的、可运输的、同时高效且降低成本的解决方案。因此，本研究项目的目的是利用各种现场传感器技术进行调查，以找到能够开发用于非接触式测量冲击电压的创新移动的系统的测量系统，其中移动的测量系统应在尺寸、成本和灵活性方面与具有分压器的传统测量系统显著不同，并且还应当在超高电压范围内呈现高线性。这一目标只能通过研究机构之间的合作来实现，因此，与LUH和PTB的两个研究所IfES合作实施该项目提供了能够使用更多传感器和硬件进行调查的优势。特别是由于使用基于现场的方法进行测量取决于直接环境和设置，因此绝对有必要能够依赖至少两个研究所的实验室，以最大限度地减少任何环境影响。此外，研究所的两个高压实验室有不同的结构，因此实验室之间存在差异，例如几何形状和屏蔽程度，因此也可以研究这些影响。最终，只有在这种比较研究的基础上才能开发出一种普遍适用的系统，这将大大扩展脉冲电压测量的技术水平，并可在全球范围内有利地使用。

In many countries, the increasing global demand for electrical energy can only be met by expanding energy transport capacities with ultrahigh-voltage (UHV) lines because of the long transmission distances involved. The components and equipment used for this are subject to operational loads (nominal load, load variations, switching operations) as well as external influences (lightning strikes, short circuits). Impulse voltages are therefore required in high-voltage tests to simulate the stresses caused by external and internal overvoltages, as well as for basic investigations of breakdown processes. The trend towards ever higher transmission voltages worldwide is making the development of impulse voltage dividers with correspondingly high rated voltages increasingly difficult and cost-intensive, so that alternatives are necessary. These could possibly be realized with the aid of modern, innovative measurement systems by using non-contact, feedback-free sensors to measure the electric field of the impulse voltages. A specially adapted, traceable field probe for these applications would be an elegant, transportable and at the same time efficient and cost-reduced solution. The aim of this research project is therefore to carry out investigations with various field sensor techniques in order to find measurement systems that can enable the development of an innovative, mobile system for the non-contact measurement of impulse voltages, whereby the mobile measurement system should differ significantly from conventional measurement systems with voltage dividers in terms of dimensions, costs and flexibility, and should also exhibit high linearity up into the ultra-high voltage range. This goal can only be achieved in cooperation between research institutions, so that the implementation of the project with the two institutes IfES of LUH and PTB as partners offers the advantage of being able to carry out the investigations with a larger selection of sensors and hardware. Especially since the measurements using field-based methods depend on the direct environment and the setup, it is absolutely necessary to be able to rely on the laboratories of at least two institutes in order to minimise any environmental influences. In addition, the two high-voltage laboratories of the institutes have a different architecture, so that differences between the laboratories exist, for example, in the geometry and the degree of shielding, so that these influences can also be investigated. Ultimately, a universally applicable system can only be developed on the basis of such comparative investigations, which would considerably expand the state of the art of pulse voltage measurement and could be used advantageously worldwide.