A program directed to increasing child-care happiness in mothers and redevelopment of an evaluation scale for the program.

本研究的目的是(1)编制由清水等人编制的多维儿童幸福度量表(CHS)的简式。(2)审查其可靠性，以增加普遍适用性。有6岁以下婴儿的母亲被要求使用5分制对CHS中涉及到在照看孩子过程中产生幸福感的各种情况的41个项目进行评估。同时采用主观幸福感量表(SHS)和贝克氏抑郁量表(BDI)测量心理健康状况，以验证简式CHS问卷(SF-CHS)的效度。对41个条目进行因子分析，筛选出16个条目用于SF-CHS，该条目由3个因素组成：“育儿乐趣”、“与孩子的关系”和“丈夫的支持”。3个因素的条目具有足够高的α系数(0.81~0.86)，代表了它们的实习…更多的Al一致性。SF-CHS与SHS呈显著正相关。相反，与BDI呈显著负相关。随着母亲年龄的增长，“育儿乐趣”和“与孩子的联系”呈下降趋势。此外，最小的孩子不到1岁的母亲比最小的孩子4岁或更大的母亲的“丈夫支持”更高，而只有一个孩子的母亲的“丈夫支持”最低。讨论了SF-CHS与原始CHS的区别、它们的实用性以及未来的问题。我们的发现表明SF-CHS与心理健康之间存在关联。SF-CHS的简洁性允许立即向每一位母亲反馈她的育儿幸福概况。在未来，SF-CHS有望成为母亲反思自己育儿感受的有用资源。此外，我们还为婴儿母亲开发和评估了一个为期三个月的六个疗程，每次为期两个小时，以提高养育孩子的幸福感水平。我们进行了两次这个项目，每组有9到10名母亲。共有19名母亲参加该项目(试验组)。我们评估了心理指标(即心理量表)，如养育孩子的压力感、幸福感和自尊，以及生理指标(如自主神经活动、脑波、唾液嗜铬粒蛋白)，如放松和压力水平。这些指标在参加第一期计划前、参加最后一期计划后和参加最后一次计划一个月后进行了评估，并对16名未参加计划的母亲进行了类似的评估。提高育儿幸福感项目的内容包括：通过与他人交谈发展关系，反思自己对孩子的感受，珍惜养育孩子的快乐时刻，认可对方的辛勤工作，肯定自己并获得自信，制定人生计划，让他人倾听自己的问题。此外，每节课都包括深腹呼吸和微笑伸展练习。通过观察心理和生理效应，揭示了该方案的有效性。与第一期课程之前相比，实验组在最后一期课程结束后，自尊的心理价值(Yamamoto et al.，1982)显著升高，而养育子女的压力水平显著降低。特别是，我们发现由抚养孩子的焦虑引起的压力水平显著下降。从生理上讲，在最后一次训练后，阿尔法-3脑电波显著高于第一次训练前，这表明参与者的放松能力有所增强。然而，在最后一次治疗后一个月，阿尔法-3脑电波与第一次治疗前和最后一次治疗后测得的脑电波没有显著差异。参与的母亲们的免费描述展示了以下效果：“听到别人的经历很好”，“我意识到我不是唯一一个经历困难的人”，“这开阔了我的视野”，“我能够反思我的生活”，“我能够客观地看待自己”，“我结交了朋友，”以及“我对我的孩子的爱感到放心”。对照组无明显变化。较少

The aims of this study were to (1) develop a short-form of the multidimensional CHS (Child-care Happiness Scale), which was developed by Shimizu et al. (2007), and (2) examine its reliability in order to increase general applicability. Mothers with infants younger than 6 years of age were asked to evaluate 41 items in the CHS that involved various situations which give rise to a feeling of happiness during child-care using a 5-point scale. We also used the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), which measure psychological health, in order to confirm the validity of the short-form CHS (SF-CHS).There were a total of 672 valid respondents. A factor analysis was performed on 41 items of the CHS, and then 16 items were selected for the SF-CHS, which consists of 3 factors : "joys of child-care," "connection with the child," and "husband's support." Items for the 3 factors had sufficiently high Cranach's α coefficients (0.81～0.86), which represent their intern … More al consistency. There was a significant positive correlation between the SF-CHS and SHS. In contrast, there was a significant negative correlation with BDI. There was a decreasing trend for "joys of child-care" and "connection with child" with increasing mother's age. Furthermore, "husband's support" was higher for mothers whose youngest child was less than 1 year old than for those whose youngest child was 4 years or older, and lowest for mothers with only one child. Differences between the SF-CHS and original CHS, their practicality, and future issues were discussed. Our findings suggest an association between SF-CHS and psychological health. The conciseness of the SF-CHS allows immediate feedback to each mother of her child-care happiness profile. In the future, SF-CHS can be expected to become a useful resource for mothers to reflect on their feelings on child-care.In addition,We developed and evaluated a six-session program over three months, each session lasting two hours, for mothers of infants in order to increase the level of happiness in raising their children. We conducted this program twice with nine to ten mothers per group. A total of 19 mothers participated in the program (experimental group). We evaluated psychological indicators (i.e., psychological scales) such as feelings of stress and happiness in raising children and self-esteem, as well as physiological indicators (i.e., autonomic nervous activity, brain waves, salivary chromogranin) such as levels of relaxation and stress. These indicators were assessed before participating in the first session of the program, after participating in the last session, and one month after participating in the last session.Similar evaluations were made on a control group of 16 mothers who did not participate in the program. Contents of the program for enhancing feelings of happiness in raising children consisted of developing relationships by talking with others about oneself, reflecting on one's feelings towards one's children, value happy moments in raising children, recognize each other's hard work, affirm oneself and gain self-confidence, make a life plan, and have others listen to one's issues. In addition, each session incorporated deep abdominal breathing and stretching exercises for smiling. The effectiveness of the program was revealed by the psychological and physiological effects observed. Compared to before the first session of the program, psychological value for self-esteem (Yamamoto et al., 1982) was significantly higher after the last session of the program, while levels of stress in raising children significantly decreased, in the experimental group. In particular, we identified a significant decrease in levels of stress caused by anxiety about raising children. Physiologically, alpha-3 brain waves were significantly higher after the last session of the program than before the first session, indicating an increase in relaxation capabilities of participants. However, alpha-3 brain waves at one month after the last session of the program did not differ significantly from those measured before the first session and after the last session. Free description by the participating mothers demonstrated the following effects: "it was good to hear others' experiences," "I realizedI'm not the only one having a hard time," "this broadened my views," "I was able to reflect on my life," "I was able to view myself objectively," "I made friends," and "I was reassured of my love for my child." In the control group, no significant changes were observed. Less