Electromagnetic environment of the moon in the solar wind and the lunar wake

利用二维电磁全粒子模拟和月亮观测研究了太阳风与月球的相互作用。太阳风磁场控制着电子热流的方向，导致下游表面负电荷的不对称。太阳风离子被表面负电荷加速，而太阳风电子被表面负电荷驱逐并沿着场线流动，产生电子密度增强的条纹。在向阳面，0。01 Hz和0。月球反射的太阳风质子通过回旋共振激发出3 ~ 5 Hz的磁流体动力波。

The solar wind interaction with the moon was studied using a two-dimensional electromagnetic full particle simulation and Kaguya observation. The solar wind magnetic field controls the direction of the thermal flow of the electrons and causes an asymmetry of the negative charging of the downstream-side surface. The solar wind ions are accelerated by the negative surface charging, while the solar wind electrons are expelled by the negative charging and flow away along the field line producing streaks of enhancements of the electron density. On the dayside surface, 0. 01 Hz and 0. 03-5 Hz magnetohydrodynamic waves are excited by the solar wind protons reflected by the moon through cyclotron resonance.