Structure formation and particle acceleration in collisionless shock waves

用二维(两个空间坐标和三个速度)、相对论、电磁、粒子模拟等方法研究了冲击波斜向传播到外磁场中的结构形成和粒子加速。结果发现，由于电子在斜激波中被俘获并被激发而产生的不稳定性的非线性演化，一些电子可以从斜激波中逃逸并被进一步加速到更高的能量。还研究了离子的反复加速和相关的不稳定性。此外，还建立了离子组成对非线性磁声波影响的理论，并通过数值模拟进行了验证。

Structure formation and particle acceleration in shock waves propagating obliquely to an external magnetic field have been studied with two-dimensional(two space coordinates and three velocities), relativistic, electromagnetic, particle simulations. It is found that as a result of the nonlinear evolution of instabilities driven by electrons trapped and energized in an oblique shock wave, some electrons can escape from the wave and can be further accelerated to much higher energies. Repeated acceleration of ions and associated instabilities are also investigated. In addition, a theory for the effects of ion composition on nonlinear magnetosonic waves is developed and is confirmed by numerical simulations.