Biological and genetic diversity of colonizing and endemic species of Drosophila in the Ogasawara Islands

于2009年7月、2009年12月和2010年5月在小笠原群岛通过香蕉诱捕和网扫进行了果蝇区系和季节调查。在七岛和八岛的7个采集点和5个采集点分别采集到22种116857头，其中包括9种特有种。在这两个岛屿上，最近定居的果蝇（Drosophila hypocausta）在2009年7月数量最多。另一方面，D. simulans在Chichijima和D.在2009年12月和2010年5月的采集中，滨岛的Pectinifera是最优势种。本调查表明，近年来，D. hypocausta和D. suzukii，但小笠原群岛特有种D.与以往调查相比，采集到的果蝇种类较多，表明果蝇区系的生物多样性有所增加。本文以中国特有的三个种（杜氏pectinifera，Dichaetophora ogasawarensis，Scaptomyza hexasticha）和3种定殖种（D. hypocausta，拟谷盗D. suzukii，金叶拟步行虫D. kikkawai）。3种特有种的遗传多样性与D. hypocausta比其他定殖种的大。线粒体DNA的单倍型分析表明，移民的殖民物种发生从Chichijima Hahajima。此外，特有种的遗传特性是不同的Chichijima和Hahajima之间，这表明在每个岛屿的种群保护的重要性。

Faunal and seasonal surveys on drosophilid flies by banana-trapping and net sweeping were carried out in the Ogasawara Islands on July 2009, December 2009 and May 2010. A total 116, 857 individuals of 22 species including 9 endemic species were collected at the seven and five collection sites of Chichijima and Hahajima, respectively. In the both islands, Drosophila hypocausta, recently colonizing species, was the most abundant on July of 2009. On the other hand, D. simulans in Chichijima and D. pectinifera in Hahajima were the most dominant species in the collection of December 2009 and May 2010. The present survey showed recent increase of D. hypocausta and D. suzukii in the Ogasawara Islands, but the endemic species such as D. pectinifera were collected more than those of the previous surveys, indicating increasing of biodiversity of drosophilid fauna. Genetic diversity and differentiation of mitochondrial DNA genes, COI and COII, were studied using three endemic species(D. pectinifera, Dichaetophora ogasawarensis, Scaptomyza hexasticha) and three colonizing species(D. hypocausta, D. suzukii, D. kikkawai). Genetic diversities of the three endemic species and D. hypocausta were larger than those of the other colonizing species. Haplotype analyses of mitochondrial DNA suggested that immigration of the colonizing species occurred from Chichijima to Hahajima. In addition, genetic properties of the endemic species are different between Chichijima and Hahajima, suggesting the importance of the protection of populations in each island.