Development of sustainable comprehensive school health program in Aral Sea region

本研究的目的是明确哈萨克斯坦共和国学校健康教育学科发展的趋势和问题，为环咸海地区开展学校健康教育项目提供参考。我们分析了ВалеологияПрограмма，ЗдоровьеижизненныенавыкиПрограммe和ГосударственныйобщеобязательныйстандартсреднегообщегообразованияРеспубликиКазахстан的材料，并为哈萨克斯坦卫生当局和政策制定者采访了他们。主要研究结果如下：1)目前中小学教育年限为11年。将其改为12年制的准备工作正在进行中。2)学校健康教育科目“Валеолoгия”成立于1998年，以解决学生与健康有关的问题。3)阿迪尔哈诺夫·阿尔穆哈迈德博士，当时的国家健康生活方式发展问题中心主任，主要开发了Валеолoгия。4)Валеология教师在体育、医学和教育大学接受培训。5)Здоровьеижизненныенавыки成立于2005年，通过整合与健康相关的各种学科的零散内容。据认为，哈萨克斯坦共和国的学校健康教育科目在制定课程时必须揭示其内容的范围和顺序。此外，这一过程不仅应增加学校教师，还应增加一些儿科学、卫生学和教育学方面的专业人员。

The aim of this study is to clear trends and issues of development of school health education subject in the Republic of Kazakhstan for developing school health program around Aral Sea. We analyzed Валеология Программа, Здоровье и жизненные навыки Программe, and Государственный общеобязательный стандарт среднегообщего образования Республики Казахстан for material and interviewed for Kazakh health authorities and policy makers. The main results were as follows:1) Term of elementary and secondary education is currently 11 years. Preparation for change of it to 12 years is progressing.2) The subject of school health education named "Валеолoгия" was established in 1998 to cope with problems of students related to their health.3) Dr. Adilhanov Almuhamed, then chief of National Center for Problems of Healthy Lifestyle Development mainly developed Валеолoгия.4) Валеология teachers are trained at universities of sports, medicine, and education.5) Здоровье и жизненные навыки was established in 2005, through integrating scattered contents in various subjects related to health. It is thought that the subject of school health education in the Republic of Kazakhstan has to reveal scope and sequence of its contents in developing its curriculum. Moreover, this process should be carried out adding not only school teachers but some professionals regarding pediatrics, hygiene, and pedagogy.