Statistical approach for explaining infection systems

利用日本流感哨点的全国监测数据，对2024367例pdmH1N1病例进行了回顾性分析。19个年龄组的男性与女性发病率比(M/F比)被估计为主要结果。在20岁以下和80岁以上的年龄组中，pdmH1N1流感的M/F比率为1(p&lt；0.001)。这一数据表明，20岁以下的男性可能比相同年龄段的女性更容易患上pdmH1N1流感。将2000年至2008年pdmH1N1流感的感染模式与季节性流感暴发的感染模式进行比较，发现pdmH1N1流感的M/F比率在3-29岁较高，在40-79岁较低。使用2000年至2009年日本传染病监测系统的数据，分析了对日本社区影响较大的7种病毒和4种细菌传染病。…的男性与女性发病率比估计了更多不同的年龄组，以比较不同年龄的性别之间报告的有症状感染的发生率。在儿童时期，每7例病毒感染中有5例的MFM比率低于1，即报告的咽结膜热、疱疹、手足口病、腮腺炎和水痘的男性儿童比女性更频繁地感染。据报告，感染感染性红斑和亚急性红斑的男性也较多，但仅限于1岁儿童。相比之下，在成年期间，除水痘外，上述所有病毒感染的MFM比率均降至1以下，即成年女性被报告感染的频率高于男性。细菌感染的报告发病率与性别和年龄相关的差异也被记录在案。报告的肠道出血性大肠埃希氏菌感染发病率在成年女性中较高，据报道，在所有年龄组中，女性感染肺炎支原体的比例高于男性，直至70岁。较少

Retrospective analysis of 2,024,367 cases of pdmH1N1 was performed using the national surveillance data from influenza sentinel points in Japan. The male-to-female morbidity ratios (M/F ratios) in nineteen age groups were estimated as the primary outcome. The M/F ratios for pdmH1N1 influenza were >.1 in age groups less than 20 years and greater than 80 years (p< 0.001). This data suggests that males less than 20 years of age may be more likely to suffer from pdmH1N1 influenza than females in the same age categories. When the infection pattern for pdmH1N1was compared with that of seasonal influenza outbreaks between 2000 and 2008, the M/F ratio for pdmH1N1 influenza was higher in ages 3-29 years and lower in ages 40-79 years. Data from the Japanese surveillance system for infectious diseases from 2000 to 2009 were used in the analysis of seven viral and four bacterial infectious diseases with relatively large impact on the Japanese community. The male-to-female morbidity (MFM) ratios in … More different age groups were estimated to compare incidence rates of symptomatic reported infection between the sexes at different ages. MFM ratios were less than 1 for five viral infections out of seven in childhood, i.e. male children were more frequently reported as infected than females with pharyngoconjunctival fever, herpangina, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, mumps, and varicella. More males were also reported to be infected with erythema infectiosum and exanthema subitum, but only in children 1 year of age. By contrast, in adulthood the MFM ratios decreased to less than 1 for all of the viral infections above except varicella, i.e. adult women were more frequently reported to be infected than men. Sex- and age-related differences in reported morbidity were also documented for bacterial infections. Reported morbidity for enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection was higher in adult females and females were reportedly more infected with mycoplasma pneumonia than males in all age groups up to 70 years. Less