Study of Ultra-High-Energy Physical Processes Associated with Large-Scale Structure Formation in the Universe

宇宙中的大尺度结构，如星系和星系团，被认为是通过引力驱动的连续合并事件形成的，这可能伴随着冲击波的形成，冲击波可以自然地将粒子加速到高能量并产生伽马射线。这种现象可能是神秘的超高能宇宙射线或未知伽马射线源的起源。我们已经对这些物理过程进行了理论研究，并试图用当前的X射线和伽马射线观测来测试它们，获得了至少支持一些相关预测的结果。未来更高精度的观测应该能更深入地了解宇宙中最大尺度上的粒子加速现象。

Large-scale structures in the Universe such as galaxies and clusters of galaxies are thought to have formed through successive merging events driven by gravity, which are likely accompanied by formation of shock waves that can naturally accelerate particles to high energies and generate gamma-rays. Such phenomena may possibly be the origin of the mysterious ultra-high-energy cosmic rays or unidentified gamma-ray source. We have undertaken theoretical investigations of such physical processes, and also attempted to test them with current X-ray and gamma-ray observations, obtaining results that support at least some of the relevant predictions. Future observations with higher precision should provide a deeper understanding of particle acceleration phenomena on the largest scales in the Universe.