Spatial Location of Retail Stores: Measures against Hollowing-out of retail stores

零售商店的集中或空心化是市场相互作用的结果。由于购物行为涉及市场失灵，零售商店的空间位置不是社会最优的。我们的目标是分析市场失灵如何通过零售商店位置的变化影响消费者的福利，这是由城市政策引起的，包括交通规划。我们考虑了商业中四种类型的市场失灵：a)商业区位的空间价格竞争；2)零售商店之间的不完全竞争；3)多用途（一站式）购物引起的购物外部性；4)商品质量信息不对称。

Concentration or hollowing-out of retail stores are the results of market interactions. Since shopping behavior involves market failures, the spatial location of retail stores is not socially optimal. Our objective is to analyze how market failure affects consumers' welfare through the change in retail store location, which is caused by urban policies including transportation planning. We consider four types of market failures in commerce: a) spatial price competition of commercial location, 2) imperfect competition among retail stores, 3) shopping externality caused by multipurpose (one-stop) shopping and 4) asymmetric information on the quality of goods.