Analysis of high temperature and pressure cavitation bubbles during ultrasound irradiation and its application to reaction control

研究了超声辐照条件对水溶液中气泡温度的影响。超声空化过程中气泡温度随分解产物和废醇蒸气量的增加而降低。此外，氮氧化反应是超声空化过程中气泡温度和压力监测的重要探头之一。利用超声辐照方法合成了钯纳米粒子、金纳米粒子和石墨烯，不同的反应条件可以控制金属离子的还原速率和形成的纳米材料的大小和形状。

The effects of ultrasound irradiation conditions on the bubble temperatures attained were investigated in an aqueous solution. The bubble temperatures during ultrasound cavitation tended to decrease with increasing amount of decomposition products and vapor of the used alcohols. In addition, the reaction of nitrogen oxidation was suggested to be one of the important probes to monitor the bubble temperatures and pressures during ultrasound cavitation. The syntheses of palladium nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles and graphene by using ultrasound irradiation methods were performed, where the reduction rates of metal ions and size and shape of the formed nanomaterials were able to be controlled by various reaction conditions.