Exploring evolution and figure of early fungal clade "LKM11"in oxygen-depleted environment

为了探索真菌的早期进化，我们调查了日本西部八个湖泊中采集的沉积物中的真菌多样性。通过使用非培养方法和真菌特异性的SSU rDNA聚合酶链式反应，我们揭示了湖泊环境中新的真菌多样性。从成功扩增的6个湖泊的PCR克隆文库中获得了400个真菌系统型。新的(&lt；97%)系统型在所有真菌系统型中有213个(53.3%)。与Dikarya(子囊菌门+担子菌门)相关的系统类型有187个(46.8%)。而非Dikarya真菌(Chytridimycota+Blastocladimycota+LKM11等)占53.3%，其中74.8%为新系统型，亲缘关系达97%。所有LKM11均为新的亲缘关系。早期真菌系占据了日本西部湖泊环境中所有真菌系统类型的大部分，并显示出意想不到的多样性和新颖性。

For exploring early evolution of fungi, we investigated fungaldiversity in sediments colleted in eight lakes in west Japan. By using culture-independentmethod with fungal-specific PCR of SSU rDNA, we revealed an large extent of novel fungaldiversity in lacustrine environment. Four hundreds fungal phylotypes were obtained fromPCR clone libraries of six lakes successfully amplified. Novel (<97% identity) phylotypesare 213 (53.3%) in all fungal phylotypes. There were 187 phylotypes (46.8%) related toDikarya (Ascomycota + Basidiomycota). Whereas, Non-Dikarya fungi (Chytridiomycota +Blastocladiomycota + LKM11 etc) were 53.3%, 74.8% of which were estimated to be novelphylotypes with <97% affinities. All LKM11 phylotypes were novel. Early fungal lineagesoccupied a majority of all fungal phylotypes from the lacustrine environment in west Japanand indicated an unexpected diversity and novelty.