Reforming Land and Forest Resource Management and the Participatory Local Governance in African Rural Societies of Post-Decentralization

自权力下放政策实施以来，以社区为基础的资源管理已成为非洲农业社会的主要做法。本文从非政府组织（NGO）、社区组织（CBO）和新成立的地方组织等行为体与当地民众之间的关系动态变化的角度，描述了当地社会中林地资源使用冲突的建构-调解过程。在冲突的制约过程中，与一般的乡村不同，在国家公园或森林保护区周围的那些村庄，人们可以通过媒体、网络或非政府组织的信息来框定（或重新框定）问题，这种框定倾向于反映国家的政治经济状况。在冲突调解过程中，当地人民对非政府组织或社区组织活动的参与和承诺并不是一种统一的状态，这取决于例如他们用英语交流的能力。

Since decentralization policy had carried out, so-called Community-based Recourse Management has become the major approach in African agrarian societies. In this research, I describe the construction-mediation process of the conflicts over the use of forest / land recourse in local societies from the aspects of the dynamics of relation-making between the local people and the other actors such as NGOs, CBOs and newly established localorganization. On the process of constricting the conflicts; different from ordinal rural villages, in the villages around National Parks or Forest Reserves, people can frame (or re-frame) the issue by information on media, internet or NGOs, the framing tends to reflect political economic situation of the country. On the process of conflict mediation; the accessibility and commitment ofthe local people to the activities of NGOs or CBOs isnot a uniform state, it is depending on, for instance, their ability of communication in English.