Comprehensive study of Iconography of the Madonna dell'Albero in Italy

这项研究是关于一幅名为“圣母”的肖像画，在艺术史学家中没有得到认可。为了全面了解从中世纪到近代早期人们对这一类型圣母的崇拜，我在意大利和瑞士南部进行了调查，那里有大量的朝圣地点是供奉阿尔贝罗圣母的。经过实地考察和文献研究，确认该地区有120多个朝圣地。通过对其传说基础、地域分布趋势和圣母形象的分析，指出这类圣母的虔诚和形象得以留存的原因不仅在于农村地区的异教意象的残留，而且还在于这类圣母形象的形象化与基督教的规范形象相关。

This study is about an iconography called Madonna dell'Albero (Madonna of Tree), unrecognized among the art historians. To grasp whole picture of the devotion to this type of Madonna from the Middle Ages to Early Modern period, I researched in Italy and southern part of Switzerland where a large number of pilgrimage site is dedicated to Madonna dell'Albero. In result of field work and research based on documents, it was confirmed that there are over 120 pilgrimage sites in these area. Analyzing their legends of foundation, tendency of the local distribution and the images of their Madonna, indicates the reason of surviving of the devotion and image of this type of Madonna is explained not only because of the remains of paganical imagery in rural areas, but also because the visualization of this Madonna is interrelated to Christian canonical iconography.