The Birth of the Jury of Presentment and the Canonical Procedure inEngland

本研究的目的是要厘清12世纪后期英国出现陪审制度的原因。通过对1166年《克拉伦登法庭审判》和1164年《克拉伦登宪法》c.6的分析，并从实践的角度对皇家法院和教会法院的程序进行考察，得出以下结论。首先，在12世纪的教会法庭中，讯问程序与其他程序一起被使用。其次，在教会法庭上，总执事在审讯程序中同时扮演检察官和法官的角色。第三，当时有许多抱怨说，总执事滥用他们的权力。第四，这些情况似乎促使亨利二世颁布了《克拉伦登宪法》第c.6条，这只是亨利二世在皇家法院引入陪审制度的一步

The purpose of this study is to make clear the reason why the juryof presentment was born in England in the later twelfth century. By analyzing the Assizeof Clarendon of 1166 and c.6 of the Constitutions of Clarendon of 1164, and investigatingthe procedure of the royal courts and the ecclesiastical courts from a practical pointof view, I have obtained the following results. Firstly, the inquisitorial procedure hasbeen used alongside other procedures in the ecclesiastical courts in the twelfth century. Secondly, in the ecclesiastical courts, the archdeacon played both parts of a prosecutorand a judge at the same time in the inquisitorial proceeding. Thirdly, at that time therewere many complaints that the archdeacons abused their authority. Fourthly, thesesituations seem to have made King Henry II issue c.6 of the Constitutions of Clarendon,which is only one step to the Assize of Clarendon by which Henry II introduced the juryof presentment into the royal courts