Establishment of the 'Commercial Court' in the late 19th century England: its genesis and impact on English commercial law

法院如何才能更快、更确定、更高效地解决更多的商业纠纷？任何法院过去、现在和将来都会要求对这个问题做出回答。如果一名法官在他的法庭上处理商业纠纷，他不仅应该具有商法方面的专业知识，而且还应该了解商业交易的实际情况。他应该主动引导诉讼程序，为当事人的利益服务，因为当事人作为商人，对浪费的金钱和时间很敏感。在19世纪，英国法院未能跟上不断变化的商业现实。1873年和1875年的《司法法》极大地改变了英国的法律制度，但在更有效地解决商业纠纷方面收效甚微。我的研究项目旨在处理大法官马修的实际倡议，即在女王长凳法庭设立‘商业法庭’，在那里‘商业诉讼’以简易程序进行审判。它还旨在探索其裁决和实践对英国商法的影响。

How can courts resolve more commercial disputes with more rapidity, certainty and efficiency? Any court did, does and will always ask for answers for the question. If a judge deals with commericial disputes at his court, he should have expertise not only in commercial law, but also in the reality of commercial transactions. He should steer proceedings with his initiative for the benefit of the parties who, as commercial people, are sensitive to wasted money and time. In the 19th century, English courts failed to catch up with changing commercial reality. The Judicature Acts 1873 & 1875 drastically changed English legal system, but achieved little for more effective commercial dispute resolution. My research project aimed to deal with Justice Mathew's practical initiative to establish 'commercial court' at the Queen's Bench Division, where 'commercial causes' were tried with summary proceedings. It also aimed to explore the impact of its rulings and practices on English commercial law.