The Scope of Sex/Gender in Law : Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity as Legal Concepts

本研究分析了旨在消除性别/性别歧视的国际人权法，并考虑了在性取向和性别认同(SOGI)方面保护人权的潜力和限制。它表明，在人权的背景下，关于特殊性别歧视的处理有三个不同的方向：(A)将特殊性别歧视解释为性别/性别问题，(B)仅将特殊性别歧视视为一种歧视或脆弱性问题，和/或(C)将特殊性别歧视定义为一个新的类别。尽管这些可能看起来不协调，但当我们考虑它们在人权讨论中的使用方式以及在实践中的使用方式时，很明显，这三个发展实际上是相辅相成的。

This study analyzes international human rights law aiming to eliminate sex/gender discrimination and considers the potential for and limits on the protection of human rights with regard to sexual orientation and gender identity(SOGI). It demonstrates that there are three different directions regarding the treatment of SOGI in the context of human rights :(A) interpreting SOGI as an issue of sex/gender,(B) treating SOGI as merely one kind of discrimination or vulnerability issue, and/or(C) defining SOGI as a new category. Even as these may seem incongruous, when we consider the ways they are used in human rights discourse as well as put into practice, it is clear that these three developments are in fact complementary.