Design of activated carbons for adsorptive removal of pollutants from aqueous solution

本文从质构和表面化学两方面着手，试图制备出适合于水相污染物去除的活性炭。研究了各种炭前驱体和活化工艺，以竹子为原料，采用H3 PO 4活化法制备的活性炭比表面积达到2000 m2/g，中孔体积达到0.9 cm 3/g。富含中孔的AC比常规商业中孔AC容纳更大量的大尺寸分子如染料。介孔活性炭对重金属的吸附动力学也有改善作用。通过改变炭前驱体和炭表面的氧化剂和氨气处理方法，炭表面由疏水性转变为亲水性，重金属吸附量显著增加，但处理有时会破坏炭的结构。

We tried to prepare activated carbons (ACs) suitable for removing pollutants in aqueous phase from the points of textural properties and surface chemistry. Examining various carbon precursors and activated procedures, ACs prepared from bamboo using H3PO4 activation successfully achieved specific surface area of 2000 m2/g and meso-pore volume of 0.9 cm3/g. The meso-pore rich AC accommodated greater amount of large size molecules such as dye than conventional commercial meso-pore AC. Kinetics of heavy metal adsorption could also be improved by meso-pore AC. Changing carbon precursors and treating methods for carbon surface using oxidants and ammonia gas, carbon surface was switched from hydrophobic to hydrophilic nature and significant increase in heavy metals adsorption was observed, whereas AC structure was sometimes destroyed by the treatments.