corporate criminal liability and compliance system

几乎所有关于经济犯罪的国际条约都坚持设立法人刑事责任或准刑事责任。大陆法系法域对法人刑事责任的传统抵制在减弱，特别是在有组织犯罪方面。根据新兴的责任模式，风险与合规制度之间存在直接联系，合规制度与公司刑事责任之间存在直接联系。实际上，为了避免麻烦，每家公司都必须确定其特定的监管风险状况，并确定其定制的合规系统和官员，以满足其确定的需求。

Nearly all international treaties on economic crime insist on the creation of corporate criminal liabilty or quasi-criminal liability. Traditional resistance to corporate criminal liability in civil law jurisdictions in weakening, especially in organized crime. According to the emerging liability model, there is a direct link between risk and compliance system, and between compliance system corporate criminal liability. To keep out of trouble, in effect, every company has to define its particular regulatory risk profile, and determine its tailor-made compliance system and officer to meet the needs it has identified.