A comparative study on the unauthorized formal schools in the developing countries

这项研究的目的是调查发展中国家存在的未经授权的正规和非正规学校的模式和理由。这项研究集中在中国、印度、孟加拉国、墨西哥、秘鲁和肯尼亚两个系统之间的衔接。这项研究揭示了维持这些学校稳定的基础机制，主要来自四个基本原理，即社会的政治、宗教、经济和人口需求。在大多数情况下，发现了两种相互矛盾的需求，以保持这些机构得到政府的默许。在中国，大量农民工涌入城市，但严格的户籍制度不允许这类工人的子女进入城市学校就读。在印度和肯尼亚，经济原因更为突出。认可学校的注册要求极高，以致大部分低收入家庭须把子女送往收费较低的认可私立学校就读。

The study aimed at investigating the patterns and rationales of unauthorized formal and non-formal schools existing in developing countries. The study focused on the articuration between two systems in China, India, Bangladesh, Mexico, Peru and Kenya. The study revealed the underpinning mechanisms which sustain the stability of these schools mainly from the four rationales, namely political, religious, economical and demographic demands in societies.In most cases two contradicting demands were detected to keep these institutions in tacit recognition by the government. In China there was huge migration of rural workers into the urban areas, but strict family registration system does not allow children of such workers to enroll in urban schools. In India and Kenya, economical reasons were more salient. Registration requirement for authorized schools was so high that most of the low income families had to send their children to the unauthorized private schools with lower fees.