Synthesis and Properties of Novel Cleavable Surfactants Usable in Seawater

石油泄漏引起的海洋污染已成为严重的环境问题。开发具有良好生物降解性的溢油处理剂已成为迫切需要。我们一直在研究可切割表面活性剂的制备和性能，这些表面活性剂被设计成在温和的条件下分解成非表面活性物质。我们已经提到，可切割的部分（非环缩醛，1,3-二恶氧烷环或酯）对各种表面活性性能有积极的影响。本文以酒石酸二乙酯为原料，制备了具有1,3-二恶烷环或酯的双链可切割非离子表面活性剂。以蔗糖为亲水性基团。结果表明，它们在海水中具有良好的表面活性，在酸性水中具有分解作用。采用活性污泥耗氧法，28天后可切割表面活性剂的生物降解率均在60%以上。我们对重油的生物降解进行了评价。

The marine pollution with the oil spill becomes the big environmental problem. The development of the oil spill treatment agent with good biodegradability has become desired. We have been investigating the preparation and properties of cleavable surfactants which are designed to decompose into non-surface active species under mild conditions. We have mentioned that the cleavable moiety (noncyclic acetal group, 1,3-dioxolane ring or ester) had a positive effect on the various surface-active properties. In this work, double-chain cleavable nonionic surfactants bearing a 1,3-dioxolane ring or ester were prepared from diethyl tartrate. A sucrose was used as hydrophilic group. We clarified that they have good surface-active properties in seawater, and the decomposition function in acid water. The biodegradabilities of these cleavable surfactants after 28 days were more than 60 % by an oxygen consumption method with activated sludge. We evaluated the biodegradation of heavy oil.