Development of an assessment framework including signs of pain among elderly people with dementia

建立一个包含疼痛体征的评估框架，作为一种观察性评估工具来筛查老年痴呆患者的疼痛。(1)就痴呆患者疼痛的具体行为采访了17名护士。访谈结果基于以下六个类别进行分析：言语/声音、面部表情、肢体语言、日常生活活动、行为/情绪和生理反应。共引出36个子项。(2)在106名患有疼痛的老年痴呆患者的调查中，30%的人观察到6项，而13项存在于&lt；(3)在一项可适当纳入疼痛评估框架的疼痛体征评估调查中，不到75%的护士将17个项目评为适当。这导致了6个类别的31个疼痛体征的最终版本。

To develop an assessment framework including signs of pain as an observational assessment tool to screen for pain among elderly people with dementia.(1) Seventeen nurses were interviewed regarding specific behaviors with pain in patients with dementia.The interview results were analyzed on the basis of the following six categories: words/sounds,facial expressions,body language, daily living activities,behaviors/moods, and physiological responses.A total of 36 sub-items were elicited.(2)In a survey of 106 elderly dementia suffering from pain,6 items were observed in >30% of the individuals,whereas 13 items were present in <10% of the individuals.(3)In a survey for evaluating signs of pain that could be appropriately include in the pain assessment framework,17 items were rated as appropriate by less than 75% of nurses.This resulted in a final version of 31 signs of pain in 6 categories.