Study of optical processes in the atmospheres of exoplanets and their feasibility of observations

我们制定了光在凌日系外行星大气中的传播，并推导了光线在大气中传播的折射角公式。该公式甚至对入射到大气中的具有较小影响参数的射线也提供了精确的数值。我们提出了一种从系外行星在中心恒星前的转变的光曲线估计大气尺度高度的方法。在等温流体静力平衡条件下，对不同波长的射线通过模式大气进行了系统的射线追迹计算，并讨论了行星跃迁时半径的明显增大。结果应用于伽利略卫星的观测，这些卫星是通过木星的大气层进行观测的。对观测结果的分析表明，该理论大致解释了观测结果，但表明存在一些理论中未考虑到的效应。

We formulated light propagation in the atmospheres of exoplanets in transit and derived a formula of an angle of refraction for light rays propagating through the atmosphere. The formula provides precise values even for the rays incident with small impact parameters onto the atmosphere. We proposed a method of estimating a scale height of an atmosphere from a light curve at a transition of an exoplanet in front of a central star. Systematic calculations of ray tracing are carried out for the rays passing through model atmospheres under isothermal hydrostatic equilibrium with varying wavelength of the light rays, and discussion was made on apparent increase in the radius of a planet in transition. The results are applied to the observation of Galilean satellites, which are observed through the atmosphere of Jupiter. Analysis of the observation indicates that the theory roughly explains the observation but suggests the presence of some effect that is not taken into account in the theory.