Functions of hip adductor muscles other than adduction in upright human bipedal walking

本研究的目的是检查臀部内收肌的功能和作用（耻骨肌：PE，长内收肌：AL，短内收肌：AB，大内收肌：AM），使用尸体。根据肌纤维长度（MFL）和生理截面积（PCSA）评估各内收肌的形态。测量髋关节各轴的力臂。PE， AB和AM（近端部分），由于PCSA小，MFL短，设计不适合繁重的工作或大的运动，并且在内收外的运动中几乎没有影响，似乎是相对纯粹的髋关节内收肌。这些小的髋关节内收肌可以与髋关节外展肌一起稳定髋关节。AL和AM（远端部分），由于其较大的PCSA和较长的MFL，适合于如此重和宽的移动，并且定位参与屈伸，因此在多个作用平面上发挥作用，以复位或维持下肢处于中立位置。

The aim of this study was to examine functions and roles of the hip adductor muscles (pectineus: PE, adductor longus: AL, adductor brevis: AB, adductor magnus: AM), using cadavers.Morphology of each adductor muscles was assessed in terms of muscle fiber length (MFL) and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA). Moment arm was measured about each axes of the hip joint. PE, AB and AM (proximal part), poorly designed for heavy work or large movement because of small PCSA and short MFL, and having little effect in motions outside of adduction, appeared to be relatively pure hip adductors. These small hip adductors can work with hip abductors to stabilize the hip joint. AL and AM (distal part), adapted for such heavy and wide excursion by virtue of their large PCSA and long MFL and positioned to participate in flexion and extension as well, thus function in multiple planes of action to reset or maintain the lower limb in neutral position.