Construction and evaluation of DNA marker for the analysis of plantremains

考古遗址出土的植物遗存是研究古代人饮食口味及其形成的社会背景的重要信息来源。特别是瓜子遗存保存完好，对考古发掘后的研究具有重要意义。因此，形态学和DNA分析是考古研究的有效方法。在本研究中，为了构建用于瓜子残骸分析的DNA标记，我进行了以下三个基础研究；i)对甜瓜叶绿体和核基因组进行测序，检测序列多态性；ii)对现代栽培甜瓜序列多态性进行分析后开发DNA标记；iii)对冈山县四田遗址出土甜瓜种子遗骸进行DNA标记检测。通过这些研究，构建了17个甜瓜种子残体DNA标记（叶绿体基因组9个，核基因组8个），并提出了栽培甜瓜的多系起源。研究结果表明，四田遗址使用了两种细胞质型甜瓜，11世纪以后，日本现代特有的甜瓜，Conomon组变种。Makuwa和conomon，可以在选择过程中建立。

Plant remains excavated at archeological site is an important information source to concern about diet and taste for food of ancient people and social background of their establishment. Especially, melon seed remains is useful for research after archeological excavation, because of their well preservation. Thus, morphological and DNA analysis is effective method for archeological research. In this research, to construct DNA marker for the analysis of melon seed remains, I conducted following three basic studies; i) sequencing of chloroplast and nuclear genome in melon to detect sequence polymorphism, ii) development of DNA marker after the analysis of sequence polymorphism in modern cultivated melon, iii) test of DNA marker to melon seed remains excavated Shikata archeological site, Okayama Prefecture. By these research, 17 DNA marker for melon seed remains (chloroplast genome: 9, nuclear genome: 8) was constructed and polyphyletic origin of cultivated melon was proposed. And, the research results suggested that two cytoplasm type melons were used in Shikata archeological site and after the 11the century, modern Japanese endemic melon, Group Conomon vars. makuwa and conomon, may be established in the process of selection.